P - p

pa   conj. and. Used to link two or more items which are similar. Kaarta pa mia nhanha tharra katjia ntjaarra-karta nama. This couple, a father and a mother, have lots of children. Kwatja yarramanga, urlpaiyala pa ilarrtjala arnanta waara nama. Once the water disappears, rivers and creeks are just sandy places. Elintja, kakalhalha pa erraarnta laakinha kapurta itnaantja. Galahs, cockatiels and red-tailed black cockatoos all have crests. Ngkeiparra urlpaiyala pa kwatja eterala untharlaapuma. Darters roam around the river and by the edge of the water.

paanga   n. blind. Alknga kurna-errakalanga, relha paanga nama. Relha paanga thunga paka unthama ilkwaatharra-karta. Thunga paka era nyinta-rinya unthama, erratitja iltjala tnyinama. A person is blind when their eyes have completely deteriorated. A blind person might perhaps walk around with someone as company. He might walk around by himself, holding a walking stick.

paanga-errama   vi. become blind, Relha alkngakanha mintala tumanga, era paanga-errama. People who are stricken by illness become blind. Morph: [paanga + suff.‑erra‑. –ma].

paanga-ilama   vt. make blind, strike blind, Relha alkngakanha mintala tumanga, era paanga-ilama. Sickness striking people makes them blind. Morph: [paanga + suff.‑ila‑,‑ma].

-paaputha   n.end. full of, covered with. Katjia nhanha ntjaarra maama-paaputha. All these children have got lots of sores.

paaputha   adv. butting in, interrupting. Arrkutja nhanha kunha era paaputha ngkama. This woman is butting in and talking when someone else is talking.

paara   n. 1 • tail. Kara-arra paara-karta nama. Nhanha nama kara marra. Kangaroos have a tail. This is good meat.

2 • penis.

paarla   n. wrong, false, incorrect. Era paarla ngkama. Relhala erinha itja rraatja lhangkarama, iwunha era ngkamanga. He's not saying things as they are. Other people are not understanding properly what he is saying. Arrkutja nhanhala tjaapaka tnyaama, era paarla mpaarama. Lyaarta waara paka era kaltjerrama. This woman digs for witchetty grubs, but not correctly. She's only learning at the moment.

paarla-paarla   n. somewhat confused. Relha kngarripata paarla-paarla unthama. Era itja wutha tjaiyanha etlarama, pmara-urna. The old person roams around in a confused way. He no longer recollects the way to go back home. Morph: [paarla, reduplic‑].

paarla-errama   vi. 1 • be lacking in (e.g. food, water). Lyaarta nama wurritja. Laakinhanga nurna marnaka paarla-errama. There is no water at the moment. So we are short of food. Arrkutja nyintala ngkurlpa ekuranha yarralhelakalanga, era ngkurlpaka paarla-errama. One woman finishes off all her tobacco, so she's out of tobacco.

2 • become confused, go wrong. Pmaraka kutna, era tjaiyaka paarla-errama. Not knowing the area, he goes on the wrong road. Morph: [paarla + suff. –erra‑,‑ma].

paarla-errintja   n. lack of something, famine (with marna) dearth, Morph: [paarla‑errama + suff. –erra‑,‑ma]. Marnaka paarla-errintja famine. Kwatjaka paarla-errintja lack of water, drought. Morph: [paarla‑errama + suff. –intja].

paarla unthama   vi. go about blindly, stumble about. Relha kngarripata, alknga irrkaiya, paarla unthama. An old person who only sees things faintly, stumbles about awkwardly.

paarlakarlaka-ilama   vt. lead astray. Morph: [paarla + suff.‑karlaka,‑ila‑,‑ma]. Arrpunhala yia ilamanga, arrpunhala paarlakarlaka-ilama. One person is telling story, and the other one butts in and confuses everything.

paarlakarlaka-errama   vi. go astray. Relha ntjaarra lyaartanta lyilhintjaka kaltjerramanga, etna paarlakarlaka-errama. People, who are only just now learning a song, will go astray. Morph: [paarla + suff.‑karlaka,‑erra‑,‑ma].

paarlapa   n. shoulder. Relhaka paarlapa ilkaarta nama, kngarra urrkaapumala. Having worked hard, a person's shoulders ache. Kara-arra tumala, artwala paarlapaka tjurnamala, pmara-urna kngitjalpuma. Getting a kangaroo, a man hoists it on his shoulders and takes it back to camp.

paarlapaka-ilama   vt. place on shoulder. Morph: [parlapa + suff.‑ka,‑ila‑,‑ma].

paarrpa   adv. fast, quick. See: kakara.

paarrtja   n. light. Arltaka paarrtja era nama langa. Ingwaka paarrtja era nama taiya, ntheilpara turta. The light in the daytime is the sun. The light in the night time is the moon, and the stars too.

paarrtjima   vt. shine, give light. Imanka, relhala ura etaka, kara etitjika. Leltjanga trerramanga, etna ura ilurnaka, kurunga intaka. Relha arrpunhala ura paarrtjimanga arama, etna thunga paka pitjitjina. Long ago, people lit a fire to cook meat. Being afraid of enemies, they put out the fire, and then slept. Other people, seeing the light of the fire, might come.

paarrtjilhelama   vt. shed light on, cause to be illuminated, light up. Relha nyinta intia kwaarnala intaka. Kurunga langa rraatintjalhamala, paarrtjilhelama. One person was lying in the cave. Then the sun comes up, giving light.

pairlpa-errama   vi. become lost. Wurra nyinta shop-urna lhaka. Kanha ngkwaltja ekuranha pairlpa-erraka. Kurunga era relha arrpunhanha pmarraka, ngkwaltjaka. A boy went to the shop. But he lost his money. So he asked someone else for money.

pairlpa-ilama   vt. lose. Katjia ntjaarra kwatja urlpaiya-urna lhaka, walhitjika. Kuka nyintala shirt ekuranha pairlpa-ilama, kwatja kwaarnala intamanga. The kids went to the creek to swim. One of the little kids lost his shirt, under the water. Kwaarra nyintala ngkwaltja ekuranha pairlpa-ilama, itja rraatja iltjala tnyinakala. A girl loses her money because she did not hold it carefully in her hand.

paka   adv. 1 • maybe, perhaps. Ngkwaltja paka ungkwanga intama? Do you maybe have any coins? Kunpalunpala ngkama artwa leltja paka etinya itnaamanga. Bellbirds might call out when a kurdaitcha is coming close. Nthaakinha? Unta thunga paka nurnaka-lela lhitjina? What do you think? Will you maybe go with us?

2 • Can indicate alternatives, like 'or'. Artwa nuaka kwaiya, tjia paka, irntanga ilama. A man' s wife's older sister, or younger sister, is called irntanga. Kaarta era karaka lhamanga, thunga paka wurra ekuranha lhama, thunga itja. When father goes out hunting, maybe his son goes along, or maybe not.

pakama   vt. smash something. Era tjurrunga pakaka. He smashed the tjurrunga.

pakalhama   break. tjurrunga pakalhaka. The tjurrunga shattered. Wurinyala waarnamanga, kwaarta tharra antjuanga tnyika, kurunga pakalhaka. When the wind was blowing, two eggs fell from the nest and then broke.

pakapa   n. clumsy. Katjia nhanhala marna tnyilhilaka. Miala ilaka, "Kwaarra nhanha pakapa!" This child spilt the food. Mum said, "This girl is clumsy!"

palai!   excl. look out! Palai! Nantha urrputja lwaarra-thapa arrtjanintjama! Look out! Some horses are running towards us! Palai! Arna-rinya tharrkala intama, etinya waara! Look out! There is a snake in the grass, just close by!

palha   n. spit, spittle, saliva. Marna ilkurlaanamanga, palha marna-lela intamanga, relhala marra marna nhanha kwaarnama. Eating food, spit mixed with food makes it easy for people to swallow.

palha-iwuma   vt. spit. Era ngkurlpa twaartamala, palha-iwuma. She spits when making the tobacco wad.

palkinya   n. innocent, undeserving of. Arrkutja nhanhala kngarra inthurra nua ekuranha iltaka. Kanha artwa era relha palkinya. This woman scolded her husband on and on. But the man was undeserving of that.

Panangka   kt. skin name. Kaarta Pungarta-kanha katjia ekura ntjaarra Panangka nama. Kaarta era paka Pungarta namanga, katjia ekura ntjaarra Panangka nama. For a father who is 'Pungarta', his children are all 'Panangka'. If a father however is 'Pungarta', his children are all 'Panangka'.

pangkalangka   n. monster, hairy man.

pangkuna   n. dogwood. Acacia coriacea. Pangkuna anga kutjima, twaapala tjirrama, ilkuma. The seeds of the dogwood are collected, cooked in the ashes, and eaten.

-panha   n.end. for this reason, that is why.

panhama   adv. it appears that,it seems.

panhnga   n. Cane grass, a variety of grass growing on river banks. (Zygochloa paradoxa).

papai   n. father ("daddy"- address of small child).

para   n. river red gum. Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Irna para urlpaiyala pa ilarrtjala mangkama. Mangkakala, etna nama irna kngarritja. River red gum trees grow in the river and creek beds. Once mature, they are big trees.

para tjalka   river red gum bark. Para tjalka etama, relha maama­-karta ilkngilitjika. River red gum bark is boiled and used to heal sores.

para urlta   hollow river red gum tree or log. See: para urlpara. Para urlta iltaaramala, thepa antjua mpaarama. Finding a hollow in the river red gum tree, birds make a nest.

para urlpara   Hollow in river red gum trees. Thepa lyerrtjina para urlpara kwaarnala nama. Budgerigars live inside hollow gum tree branches.

paraltja   sugar deposit made by lerp from river red gum. Paraltja para ilpalhala mangkama, lhurrpaka antala waara. Lerps grow on the river red gum leaves, just in winter. Paraltja kala namanga, arrkutja imankinya lhitjaarta, kutjitjika. Kngarra kutjikala, etna tjina arrpunhanha nthitjaarta. Kurunga relha ingkarrakala paraltja etnanha ilkuka. When 'Paraltja' lerps were to be found, the women used to go and collect them. When they had collected a lot, they used to give some to other family and friends. Then everyone ate the 'paraltja'.

parla   kt. woman's son's child. Arrkutja, artwaka mia, nama lyurra parla. The mother of one's father is 'lyurra parla'.

parlanama   v.i. walk about, go about. Southern Arrarnta language.

parlkala   adv. for nothing, for no reason, in vain, Kwatja itja kuta pitjikanga, etna paka parlkala inthurra urrkaapukanga. As the water hadn't come, they might have worked completely in vain. Artwa etna parlkala karaka lhaka. Kara-arra itja araka, tutjika. The men went hunting in vain. They did not see any kangaroo that they could hunt down.

parlkara   n. Crested pigeon, wood-pigeon (“top-knot".) Ocyphaps lophotes. Thepa parlkara nuarta waara kutatha untharlaapuma. Crested pigeons always go around together: husband and wife.

parnama   1. • vt. paint, rub on to, daub. Era ntulya parnama. She paints the canvas.

2 • vt. build, erect. Nuarta tharrala pmara parnama, bricks ntjaarra arrarnamala. The husband and wife build a house, putting lots of bricks in place. Syn: irtama.

parnalhama   vi. paint self, rub on self, daub self (eg, with fat). Wurra kngarritja kupa-kupala parnalhama. The teenage boy paints himself with the puffball. Morph: [parnama +‑suff.‑lha·‑, ·‑ma].

parnpa   adv. everywhere, widespread, all over the country. Wurritja kngarra naka, pmara parnpala. Severe drought was widespread across the country.

parrakilya   n. Parakeelya. Calandrinia genus (various species)..

parrama   vt. 1 • stop someone, stop someone from doing something, prevent, forbid. Atha eratharranha parraka, “Mpaarla itja tnyaatjika lhunga lanhanha." I tried to stop them, "Don't dig that burrow." Miala katjia ekuranha parrama, “Atha arrkurla ura etaka, kanha parrka etna wumpia kuta. Itja mpaaritjika." Mother warned her child, "I lit the fire before, but the coals are still hot. Don't touch!" Irrkuntjala wurra kngarritja erinha parrama, “Unta kala nyilkngala inaka. Pmara-urna alpai, unta itja wutha shop nhanhaka irrputjika!" The policeman stood in the way of the big boy, "You have stolen some things. Go back home, and don't go into this shop again!"

2 • block, stand in the way. Wire-la nurnanha parraka. The fence blocked us.

3 • warn.

parlpa-parrama   vt. keep on stopping someone, preventing, hindering.

parrka   n. coal, ember.

parrparta   n. confused, unintelligible.

parrparta-errama   vi. become confused.

parrparta-ilama   vt. confuse. Yinga ngkamanga, unta ngkatja arrpunha ngkamala, yinganha parrparta-ilama. When I'm speaking and you talk over me, you'll confuse me.

parrparta-ilalhama   vi. confuse self. Morph: [parrpartilama + suff.‑lha‑,‑ma].

parta   n. 1 • rock. Parta Ntarianga ntakaarra etna thinta-karta. The ranges south of Hermannsburg are made of sandstone rock.

2 • stone. Parta tnyaarnala intanga intama. The seeds are lying on the flat grinding stone. Parta yaarla urlpaiyala intama. River stones lie in the riverbed.

3 • hill, hill country, mountain, mountain range. Marna urrarlpa partala mangkama. The wild tomato 'urrarlpa' are found in hilly, rocky habitats. Ilanganga relhala parta tjinya intamanga arama. From a long way back people can see the tall ranges there.

parta-parta   n. rocky, stony. Urlpaiyala, nurna parta-parta etnanha arama. Etna nama parta yaarla. We see the stony area in the riverbed. They are the river rocks. Morph: [parta‑reduplic].

parta-parta-mpinya   n. Around a stony, rocky area. Morph: [parta‑parta + suff.‑mpinya].

parta-parta   n. banded plover, banded lapwing. Vanellus tricolor. Parta-parta etna kwatja eterala untharlaapuma. The banded plover lives by the water's edge.

parta tharra    See: parta thurnta.

n. small round grinding stone. See: thinta.

parta thurnta   n. small round grinding stone. Parta thurnta nhanha marna intanga thanha. This grinding stone is used for grinding seeds. See: theinta.

partaarnpa   n. calf (leg muscle). Kngulyala yinganha partaarnpa kaakuka. The dog bit me on the calf of my leg. Yinganha partaarnpa ilkaarta kngarra wulhama, partaka ntjikala. My calf muscle was really aching after I had climbed up the hills.

partinturla   n. magpie-lark. Grallina cyanoleuca. Partinturlala arna urrknganga antjua mpaarama. The magpie-lark uses mud to build a nest.

patha   n. pouch. Kara parta-rinya, urrpurla-urrpurla, maarla patha-karta. (the euro) is an animal which lives in the hills, is a dark colour and the female has a pouch.

patilama   vt. store up, hoard. Relhala marna patilama, katjia ntjaarra-karta yaatjarra lhitjinanga, pmara arrpunha-urna tjina-lela nitjika. People store up food, so when they go visiting with the children, they can sit with family at this other place.

pauwuma   vt. push, thrust, remove. Era motorcar pauwuma arna pulyanga. He is pushing the car out of the soft sand.

parlpa-pauwuma   vt. push, thrust or remove constantly. Relha wurla kngarra oval-aka irrpuma, arrkana aritjika, etna parlpa-pauwuma. A big crowd enters the oval to watch the sports, pushing and shoving as they go in. Morph: [pauwuma‑reduplic‑].

pepa   n. 1 • paper, book, letter, document. Relha ntjaarra Sunday arltala wurla-errama pepaka. The people gather on Sunday for a church service. From: English 'paper'.

2 • church service, devotion.

pepa mpaarama   v.t. hold a service, have a devotion.

peturra   n. plain pituri, sandhill pituri. Nicotiana rosulata. Relha arrpunha ntjaarrala peturra ilkuma. Many people chew sandhill pituri.

Pilthaarra   kt. skin name. Kaarta Kngwarria-kanha katjia ekura ntjaarra Pilthaarra nama. For a father who is 'Kngwarria', his children are all 'Pilthaarra'.

pilama   vt. give, present, make a present. Relha nyintala tjina ekura lyaartanta aramala, era marna kara turta pilama, ingkarrakala ilkutjika. A person, only today seeing his friend, makes a present then of food and meat, for everyone to eat.

pilintja   n. a present. Unta lyaartanta tjina ungkwanga aramala, unta yultha pilintja tjinaka kangkamala erinha nthama. Seeing your friend only just today, you present some things to him, giving them out of kindness. Morph: [pilama + suff‑–ntja].

pinta   n. salt, salty, briny.

pintja   n. spring. Kuprilya pintjala kwatja kngarra intaka. There was plenty of water at Kuprilya Springs.

pintja-pintja   n. sticky blue-rod, purple-flowering herb. Stemodia viscosa. Relha ngkwarlknga-kartala pintja­-pintja ntjaanama, ilkngilhama. People with colds inhale and cleanse themselves with pintja­-pintja. Kwatja eterala pintja-pintja mangkama. Nurna paka Kuprilya-urna lhamanga, nurna pintja-pintja arama, marra mangkamanga, kwatja eterala. Ntatha ekuranha kurrka, thathaka marra inthurra. Sticky blue-rod plants grow at the water's edge. If we perhaps go to Kuprilya, we see it, growing well, at the water's edge. Its flowers are small, and are a beautiful purple colour.

pitjima   vi. 1 • come. ltja nuka-urna pitjima, era ntjuma lhama. This (woman) isn't coming towards me, she is going away from me.

2 • arrive, appear. Eturnaka antala terra-terra pitjima. The rainbow bee-eater appears in the hot season.

pitjalharrama   vi. come. Two or more people. Nhanhama eratharra pitjalharrama. These two are coming!

pitjalpuma   vi. come back, return. Era ngurraka alturla lhaka. Era lyaarta pmara-urna pitjalpuma. He went west yesterday. He is coming back home today. Morph: [pitjima. + suff.‑alpu‑,‑ma].

pitja-pitjima   come constantly. Nhanhama etna pitja-pitjima! Nurna etakanha yaarna yunthakala. These people, they are coming! We had not been able to find them. Morph: [pitjima, reduplic‑].

pitjintja   n. coming. Morph: [pitjima + suff‑–ntja].

pmaakwinama   vt. overcome, subdue. Old word. Ingkaartala errintjanha pmaakwinaka. The Lord overcame Satan.

pmaara-pmaara   n. beetle. Ingula, pmaara-pmaara alkngantha-urna pitjima. At night, beetles come to a light.

pmaarna   n. quiet. Pmaarna waara era narlaanaka. Era itja ngkaka. He was sitting there in silence. He didn't say anything.

pmaarna-arama   vi. spy, watch in silence.

pmaarna-aranha   n. spy, scout, Morph: [pmaarnarama + suff‑–nha].

pmaarna-errama   vi. become quiet. Unta iwunhangala pmaarna-errama? Yia rraatja ilai, ingkarrakala wutjina! Why have you become silent? Tell the story correctly, for all to hear! Morph: [pmaarna + suff.‑erra‑,‑ma].

pmaatha   n. two-faced, false, cunning, Relha pmaathala yaarna yia rraatja ilama. People who are two faced are not able to relate a story truthfully.

Pmakuparta   n. Place name. Old Station.

pmara   n. 1 • country, landscape, area. Western Arrarntaka pmara kngarritja nama. Western Arrarnta country is a big area. Aiyua nyintala ilaka, "Pmara ingkarraka nhanha nama, ramarama nurnakanhaka pmara." One old man said, "All this country here belongs to our clan."

2 • Goes before the name of a specific place. Relha imankinya ntjaarrala pmara nhanha Ntaria ilitjaarta. Our ancestors long ago called this place Ntaria. Nurna paka Pmara Ntarianga ekngarra lhama, nurna Pmara Tjamangkurra-urna lhama. Lhama kuta, nurna Rirrka Thathaka-urna lhama. Wutha lhamanga, Pmara Pmakuparta-urna lhama. If we go east from Hermannsburg, we go to Tjamangkurra. Continuing on, we go to Red Sand Hill. Travelling further, we go to Old Station.

3 • place. Lukara nama pmara arrkutja nua raapaka. The lukara is a place for unmarried women.

4 • home, camp, sleeping place. Era rutjala kwatja pmara-urna kngama. She is taking water home in the water dish. Miala katjia ekuranha ilaka, "Ngurra-ngurra paarrpa pmara-urna pitjalpai!" Mother told her child, "Come back home quickly in the late afternoon!" Artwa nyintala ura ngkwaltja kutjika. Nua ekuranhala walya inamala, arna ilkngika. Ura etamala, etna ilkuka-ntama. Kurunga etna pmara mpaaramala, intaka. One man collected firewood. His wife, taking a branch, swept the ground. Making a fire, they then ate. After that, making camp, they slept there.

5 • house. Era pmara katha ilkngima. She is cleaning up outside the house. Bricks etna arrarnama, pmara lyaartinya etnakanha irtitjika. They lay the bricks to build their modern house.

pmarala   home, at home.

pmarakurtwia   landowner, traditional owner. Artwa nyintala pmara tnyinamanga, era nama pmarakurtwia. Wurra ekuranha anma paka pmarakurtwia nitjina. A man who holds an area of land is the landowner. His son will later on become the landowner.

pmaraka-errama   vi. arrive at a place, home, camp. Nurna lyaarta pmaraka-errama, waara pitjikala, tjina nurnakanha-lela nitjika. Today we arrive at the camp, just to visit, to be with our friend. Morph: [pmara + suff.‑ka, erra‑,‑ma].

pmara-urna-errama   vi. approach or travel to a camp. Morph: [pmara + suff. –urna,‑erra‑ma].

pmarangkinya   n. deserted camp; deserted camp. Nurna lhaka pmara arrpunha-urna. Atha pmarraka, "Relha nhanhala nama?" Relha arrpunhala ilaka, "Itjau, nhanha pmarangkinya!" We travelled out to another place. I asked, "Is anyone there?" The other person said, "No, the place is deserted!"

pmara-rinya   n. local person. Belonging to a place, camp dwellers. Relha Ntaria-rinya etna nama pmara-rinya. People from Hermannsburg belong to their place. Morph: [pmara + suff.‑rinya].

pmara arrpaninha   n. everywhere. Morph: [pmara + suff.‑arrpaninha].

pmara kuka   cubby house. Katjia urrputjala pmara kuka mpaarama, etna arrkana nitjika. Several children made a cubby house, to play around.

pmara-pmara   cubby house.

pmarrama   vt. ask. Artwa nyintala yinganha pmarrama, "Yinga football-aka lhama. Unta nuka-lela lhama?" One man asked me, "I am going for the football. Will you go with me?" Atha kwaarra erinha pmarraka, "One dollar nthai." Era-ntama yinganha nthaka. I asked one girl, "Give me one dollar." Then she gave it to me.

pmarralhama   vi. ask oneself. Yinga pmarralhama, "Nthaakinha unta yinganha ilaka?" I asked myself, "What was it that you told me?" Morph: [pmarrama + suff.‑lha‑,‑ma].

pmarrpara    See: para.

n. Gum nut cap from red river gum. Irna para ntatha-karta-erramanga, pmarrpara ntathanga arnaka tnyima. When river red gum trees come into flower, the gum nut caps fall away from the flowers to the ground.

pmilyura   n. bush stone-curlew. Burhinus grallarius. Pmilyura ingula ngkama. Bush stone-curlews call out at night.

pmura   n. stump, tree trunk. Irna pmura nhanhanga irna lyaartinya wutha mangkama. A new tree is growing again from this tree stump.

Pmurlangkinya   n. Palm Valley, the area at the end of the track going westward from the Finke River, where there are lots of native palm trees. Relha lurinya ntjaarra kutatha Pmara Pmurlangkinya ekura-urna lhama, pmara aritjika. Many people from other places are going all the time to Palm Valley, to see the country.

pmurlpa   n. quandong. Santalum acuminatum. Marna pmurlpa thathaka-errakala, urnma ilkuma. When quandong fruits turn ripe and red, they are eaten.

pmurlpa-pmurlpa   n. Bullocky bush, Rosewood. Alectryon oleifolius. Irna pmurlpa-pmurlpa mangkama. Etna pula itja marna-karta. Bullocky bush grows. They, however, do not yield fruit.

pmurltaatja   n. Common reed, Creek bamboo. Phragmites australis. Irna pmurltaatja urlpaiyala mangkama, kwatja eterala. Common reeds grow in the riverbed, at the water's edge.

puiw-ilama   vt. blow, puff. Era ura puiw-ilama, alkngantha-erritjika. He blows to make the fire catch alight.

pula   adv. but, however. This word usually occupies the second position in the sentence in which it occurs. Nurna arnpara lhama. Era pula alpuma. We're going on but he is returning. Relha paka lhatha lhama, era pula ngkathala nama, kwatja itjanga. If someone travels, that person however will be thirsty when there is no water.

pulya   n. 1 • soft. Era motorcar pauwuma arna pulyanga. He is pushing the car out of the soft sand. Arna pulya arai! Nurna marna ilkutjinanga. Look for some soft sand, so we'll have something to eat.

2 • ripe and soft. Pulya-erramala, marna kupaarta arnaka tnyima. Once ripe, plum bush fruits fall to the ground. Marna mpaltjarta era pulya namanga? Relhala pulya mpaaramala, ilkuma. Is the wild orange fruit soft? People finding that it is soft, eat it.

pulya-errama   v.i. soften. Ura kapala tjarlangka ekalha mpaarama, pulya-erritjika. The spinifex tar is heated and softened and made into a lump.

pulya-pulya   n. kind, pleasant, mild. Unta ngkatja marra, pulya-pulya waara ngkitjika, relha arrpunha-urna. You should speak nicely, only in a pleasant way, to other people. Morph: [pulya, reduplic‑].

punga   n. hair, fur. Katjia kuka arrpunha ntjaarraka, kapurta punga itja paarrpa mangkama. Many babies are this way: their hair does not grow quickly. Era kapurta punganga, errkitja waama. She spins string from hair taken from a person's head.

punga-punga   n. hairy. Kngulya nhanha arai, punga-punga inthurra! Look at this dog, it is very hairy! Morph: [punga, reduplic‑].

Pungarta   kt. skin name. Kaarta Pungarta-kanha katjia ekura ntjaarra Panangka nama. Kaarta era paka Pungarta namanga, katjia ekura ntjaarra Panangka nama. For a father who is 'Pungarta', his children are all 'Panangka'. If a father however is 'Pungarta', his children are all 'Panangka'.

punta   n. Desert cassia. Cassia nemophila. Punta era nama irna kngarritja-kngarritja. Era ntatha pa anga-karta nama. Relhala inama iwupa antjua ingkwia punta-iperra, yinpa maama-karta marra-ilitjika. The desert cassia is a medium sized bush. It has flowers and seed pods. People take the old itchy grub nest found in its branches, using it to heal skin sores.

pupulya   n. tadpole. Pupulya kwaarta ekura-iperra rraatama. Pupulya ingka ingkarna-iperra rraatama. Era kantja-karta kuta nama. Pupulya kantja era kala tungka-errama, kurunga ingka arrkurla tharra kala nama, pa ingka ingkarna-iperra turta. Pupulya kngarritja-erramala, ntjitjaarra-ntama-errama. Tadpoles come out from their eggs. The hind legs grow on the tadpole. It still has a tail. The tadpole's tail having become short, the two front legs are there as well as the hind legs.Tadpoles grow big and become frogs.

pura   n. shy ‘shame’, reticent, respectful. Arrkutja nhanha pura wulhama, era itja rraatja mpaarakala. This woman is feeling ashamed, as she did not do things the right way.

puranga   n. An embarrassing or awkward situation. Morph: [pura + suff‑–nga].

puraltha   shy, reticent. Katjiala relha lurinya aramala, itja ngkama. Era nama puraltha. A child, seeing a stranger, will not talk. He is shy.

pura-pura   n. shy, reticent, 'shame'. Wurla-lela katjia nhanha pura-pura waara narlaanama, itja ngkama. Sitting in a gathering of people, this child is reticent, and does not speak.

pura-errama   vi. become shy, 'shame'. Yakai, yinga pura-errama, yinga ungkwanga-urna paarla ngkakalanga. Ah, I am feeling ashamed as I spoke incorrectly to you.

purrama   adv. that is to say, in other words.

purrka   n. tired, exhausted. Yinga kngarra urrkaapukalanga, purrka inthurra wulhama. As I have worked really hard, I feel extremely tired. Morph: [purrka + suff. –erra‑, ma].

purrka-errama   vi. become tired. Artwa nyinta ilanganga ingka pitjika, era-ntama purrka-erraka. One man walked a long way on foot. He became tired as a result. Morph: [purrka + suff. erra‑,‑ma].

purrka-purrka-ilama   vt. make rather tired. Katjia ntjaarrala yinganha purrka-purrka-ilama, etna kngarra arrkanerramanga. The kids are making me rather tired, as they are having a great time playing around.

purrka-ilama   vt. make tired, wear out, exhaust. Relha arrpunhala ilamanga, "Nhanha mpaarai, nhanha mpaarai!", era yinganha purrka-ilama. One other person who says, "Do this, do this!", makes me tired out. Morph: [purrka + suff. –ila‑,‑ma].

purrka-ilalhama   v.i. get tired, tire oneself out. Nyinta-rinya kngarra urrkaapumala, yinga purrka-ilalhama. Working hard all by myself, I wear myself out. Morph: [purrka + suff. ilalha‑,‑ma].

Purrurla   kt. skin name. Kaarta Purrurla-kanha katjia ekura ntjaarra Kamaarra nama. For a father who is 'Purrurla', his children are all 'Kamaarra'.

purta   n. 1 • together. Nurna purta kaltjerrama. We learn together.

2 • round. Marna arlparrantji purta kuka parta eterala mangkama. Small, round, wild tomatoes grow on the hillsides.

3 • wad of tobacco. Relha nyintala ngkurlpa purta ilkuma. One person is chewing a wad of tobacco.

purta-errama   vi. gather together, assemble (of things). Morph: [purta + suff.‑erra‑,‑ma].

purta-ilama   vt. make a ball. Relhala lupa-ipenha thungarlpa thama, purta-ilamala ilkuma. People grind this gum, make it into a ball and suck on it.