Tiwi

P - p

p- Variant: j-; t-; rr-. verb connective. LINK. Gram: no actual meaning but just used as a link between certain parts of verbs; in the grammatical notes this is given as C as the consonant varies depending upon the prefix which immediately precedes it.

pa- Variant: ta-; rra- ja-; pu-; tu-. verb prefix. Gram: 9th order of verbal prefixes - EMPHATIC EMPHATIC, COMMAND. Gram: 9th order of verbal prefixes; In the grammatical notes this is given as: Ca- as the consonant changes depending upon the prefix immediately preceding it, such as: ja- following: min(yi)- 2nd singular direct object prefix or when irrealis mood (but not following Ci- 'RREAL'; rra- following: 2nd plural imperative subject prefix, wu- 'OBLIG', indirect object prefix, Ci(ngi)- STCE prefix; ta- following: direct object prefix, ma- 'SBJVE'; pa- elsewhere; before - wuriyi vowel of prefix and first vowel of stem change places, e.g. ta- + - wuriyi becomes tuwariyi nyi-rra-muwu sit! (to more than one). tuwariyi Go! (you.singular). Morph: ta‑'EMPHATIC/COMMAND'' +‑wuriyi 'go'.

-pa Variant: -uwa. verb suffix. over there, here. Gram: occurs on some verb roots, such as - wuriyi 'go' in imperative forms. See: wuni-. tu-wari-pa come here!

-pa See main entry: -apa. clitic. FOCUS.

-pa See main entry: -wapa. intransitive verb root 3. eat.

pajalirri Variant: fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pajatirri. From: Iwaidja. masculine noun. wooden pipe (for smoking). Syn: alawura₂, marupwangini, martinya₂. Category: Things people make.

pajapawu feminine noun. eggs found within crab. Ques: This may perhaps also apply to the other contents of the crab's stomach cavity. Category: Animal parts.

pajatirri See main entry: pajalirri. masculine noun. wooden pipe (for smoking).

pajawayi noun. tray, plate, dish. Syn: pipirrakupuringa. See: wurika; wurlirrika. Category: Things people make, Baskets and bags, Introduced items.

-paji- Variant: -panji-. incorporated form 1. another place. Ninkiyi ji-rupu-panji-rr-angirri awungaji kwiyi katini wuta ngarra-purnayinga. Then he sent him and his wife to another place from that garden. "Nayi kama? Naki awungarra nyi-ri-ma-j-irranyuwu-pirni nginjuwani, api ngumpi-nginji-panji-rr-angirri," yimi. "Why (have you done) that? You have killed your younger brother here, so I am sending you from here to another place," he said.

pajikit See main entry: pajikiti. noun. basket.

pajikiti Variant: pajikit. Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. noun. basket. See: tunga; tungwari; turlini; wangatunga; wangatuni; wulirrika; yangali; yimwalini; yirrupula; yirrupuringa. Karri yinukuninara poyilim ampirimi ninkiyi wayit ampi-ri-ma awungarri ngawa tikimat ngarimi miyaringa wutiriyi tangini. Awungarri nga-p-amukuri kapi wupunga kiyi nyirra trayi ampi-ri-ma. Kiyi karri waya nginingaji kiyija trayi ampirimi awinyirra kiyi nga-ri-kirimi pajikiti. When it has boiled for some time it becomes white and we take the Pandanus out with a stick. At that time we put it on the grass to dry. Then when it is a little bit dry we make a basket. Note: Photo by Joy Naden Category: Things people make, Baskets and bags.

pajikitipuli noun. From: English. basketball. Nangwiji karri waniji, japinamini jajingaruwi pu-ru-kuwuntirri pajikitipuli. Wuta pu-ru-kuwintirri kapi pirayimani wu-p-awurinji jukurli. Yesterday on Wednesday night the young men competed at basketball. They played against the boys who are still at school. Category: Things people make.

pajikura white pith inside woody trunk of the jora Palm. People can cut it out and squeeze or suck it to get water or they can roast it and eat it. Category: Plant parts.

pajimap See main entry: pastimap. free form verb. bust up.

pajinga feminine noun. sea snake, water python. people can eat it. See: turlaka. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p121 Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Reptiles.

pajini₁ masculine noun. seaweed, water weed. Note: Photo by Joy Naden Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Sea or mangrove or river life, Plants.

pajini₂ afterbirth, umbilical cord. See: arntirra. Category: Animal parts.

pajipajuwari Variant: pajupajuwari; pwajupwajuwari. temporal noun. season or time when turtles lay eggs. it seems to be no particular time of year but occurs at different times through out year. Morph: pajpajuwu 'turtle egg' +‑ari 'time of'. Syn: kirluwukari. Read: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p7. Category: Seasons, Time.

pajipajuwu feminine noun. egg or eggs. Gram: This originally only referred to turtle eggs but now is used more generally for any eggs. Syn: karaka, kulajuwu, kirluwuka. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p123 See: karakini; karaparri; -atirri-; -ingiiningi-. Category: Food and cooking, Traditional food, Animal parts.

pajirrarti noun. cough, cold. Syn: jikipirti. Gram: Old Tiwi: + Verb with root: -pirni ('he' as subject + direct object Lit: a cough hits one. Ngiya pajirrarti a-mini-pirni. I coughed ('a cough hits me'). Gram: Modern Tiwi + Verb with root: -wuni Lit: have a cough. Ngiya pajirrarti ngu-wuni. I coughed, I have a cough. Note: Photo by David Castillo Dominici - http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/view photog.php?photogid=3062 Category: Body functions or actions.

-pajirri See main entry: -pujirri. intransitive verb root 1/transitive verb root 1. for something to cover something.

-pajirringi- incorporated form 1. old person. See: yirrula; wulikimani; wulimani; parlini; parlika; wulikimaka; wulimaka; yinjula. pi-ti-ri-pajirringi-rr-akurluwunyi they saw the old woman. pi-ri-pajirringi-nyayi they found the old man.

pajukayinga See main entry: pijukwayinga. feminine noun. widow.

pajukayini See main entry: pijukwayini. masculine noun. widower.

pajukayuwi See main entry: pijukayuwi. plural noun. widows, widowers.

pajukura Variant: pwajukura. noun. liver. Category: Body parts and products.

pajukwayinga See main entry: pijukwayinga. feminine noun. widow.

pajukwayini See main entry: pijukwayini. masculine noun. widower.

pajukwayuwi See main entry: pijukayuwi. plural noun. widows, widowers.

pajuma Variant: pwajuma; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: patuma. feminine noun. glass, mirror, glasses or spectacles. See: punkirrimiyinga; pijarakimi. Note: Photos by Jennifer Lee Category: Introduced items.

pajungwani Variant: fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pajuwani. free form verb. 1 • die, be dead. See: -arawumi; -mirrarami; -kura; arntingi. Category: Being, Body functions or actions.

2 • kill. See: -pirni. Pajungwani pi-ri-kirim-ani nyitawa manjanga. They killed it with the big stick. Category: Violence or impact, Change of position or state.

pajungwanikimi Variant: pajuwanikimi. predicative. poisonous, deadly. Morph: pajungwani ’die’ +‑kimi ’for purpose of’. See: mankini. Ngiya ngi-ri-makirringi-mi pili nginta ngimini pajungwanikimi. I was frightened because it was something poisonous. Category: Physical qualities.

pajupajuwari See main entry: pajipajuwari. temporal word. season or time when turtles lay eggs.

pajuwani See main entry: pajungwani. free form verb. die, be dead.

pajuwanikimi See main entry: pajungwanikimi. predicative. poisonous, deadly.

pajuwapurruwila plural noun. Oyster clan. Syn: pungaluwila. Category: Clan groups.

-pakaga Old Tiwi: feminine verb root 1, Modern Tiwi: intransitive verb root 1. 1 • stop or prevent something. Syn: -kaga, -anyuwuluga, -pwanjigi. See: -wakaga; -apulipagi; -ajiyipulagi; -apwiya; -palirri; -majipuwu; -majakilamira; -urligi. Wuta ngarra-mamanta karluwu puranji yinkiti purr-apu-kani, pili awuta arikutumurnuwi piti-ri-pakaga-mini. He and his friends could not eat properly because those people prevented them. Category: Social behaviour, Talking or thinking.

2 • stop a fight, keep the peace, pacify someone. Syn: -urukuga. See: -kaga; pwankini. "Amintiya, nuwa kapi nyimpi-ri-pakaga, api nuwa ngwiyi awuta kukunari ngimpi-ri-mi, pili ngarra ngwiyi ngawa-rringani ngarra-mamirampi a-mani-mamula," yimi ngawa-yuwuni. "And you who keep the peace, well you will be happy because our father will call you his children," said our older brother. Modern Tiwi: Wuta pi-ri-pakaga awuta mamirnikuwi karri payiti purru-wunga. They stopped the women when they were fighting. Category: Social behaviour, Talking or thinking.

pakanya See main entry: pakinya. adverb. first.

pakartarrini See main entry: pakatarrini. masculine noun. playing card(s), pack of cards.

pakatarrini Variant: pakartarrini; pokitirrini; pikartarrini. masculine noun. playing card(s), pack of cards. Syn: jupuluwu, majirra. See: pokitirruwa. Category: Introduced items, Cards.

paki From: English. noun. tobacco. Syn: mirrawu, nikiniki. See: pongipongi; jingijingi; jikirriti; kalurri. Category: Things people make.

pakijampura See main entry: pakijapura. masculine noun. young animal, joey.

pakijampuruwi See main entry: pakijapuruwi. plural noun. young animals, joeys.

pakijapura Variant: pakijampura; pakujapura. masculine noun. young animal, joey. in pouch or egg, such as young wallaby, possum, bandicoot, young turtle or crocodile.Plural: pakijapuruwi. See: wuningini. Note: Picture from 'Ngawurranungurumagi Nginingawila Ngapangiraga: Tiwi-English Dictionary' and Photo from Jennifer Lee Category: Animals, Mammals.

pakijapuruwi Variant: pakijampuruwi; pakujapuruwi. plural noun. young animals, joeys. in pouch or egg, such as young wallabies, possums, bandicoots ; young turtles or crocodiles.Plural: pakijapuruwi. See: wuningini. Category: Animals, Mammals.

pakijatiya See main entry: pakitatiya. noun. burnt off country or land.

pakijatiyari See main entry: pakitatiyari. temporal word. season of year during the dry season kumurrupunari.

pakijipiyi feminine noun. Fan or Sand Palm. Livistonia humilis. People eat the young central growing tip (pamatirlayi) either raw or roasted, often dipped in bush honey to sweeten it. People also use the inner stem and the growing tip as medicine for different things. People can use the other parts of the plant in different. Syn: miparriyi. See: pamatirlayi. Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p44, 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p63. Note: Photo from 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p63 Category: Plants, Palms.

pakilijipa masculine noun. young man prepared for initiation ceremony. Category: Initiation stages.

pakinya Variant: pankinya; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi also: pakanya. adverb. first, at first. Syn: yipala. See: aringampi; aringampagi. Pakinya ngawunyawu angi nyirra mipurra awinyirra yilinga kiyi nga-p-ungwagi alingiji. First we throw away the skin of the carpet snake, then we pull out the innards. Category: Adverbs, Time. Category: Adverbs, Time.

karri pakinya at first. Usage: Modern Tiwi.

pakitatiya Variant: pakijatiya. noun. burnt off country or land. Syn: kimirrakini. See: pakitatiyari; yakuluwuni; yarti; warta; pamparinga; mirrimparinga; mirrituwunga; murrakupupuni; timani yawurlama. Category: Land or ground.

pakitatiyari Variant: pakijatiyari. temporal word. season of year during the dry season kumurrupunari. time for burning off the grass to make it easier to see wallabies when hunting. Morph: pakitatiya 'burnt off country' +‑ari ’time of’. Syn: kimirrakinari. Read: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p7. Category: Weather, Time, Seasons.

pakitirati See main entry: pakitiroti. masculine noun. water goanna.

pakitiringa masculine noun. 1 • rain. now a general term for rain. Syn: pirrawumpuli, anjulini. See: jamutaka; jaratinga; yirruwayi; marakata; malapurringa; malapurrini; -aturrukwa; -ukwa; -ungwali -wijilarlinga; -angantima; -anganti-; -mi-; -wungwarla-. Category: Weather.

2 • year. Yimuwunikuruwarni ngini yipamurrumani yirrara pakitiringa. He thanked us for the two years that he worked (here). Category: Time.

pakitiringari temporal word. season of year, time before wet season sets in. Morph: pakitiringa 'rain' +‑ari 'time of'. See: jamutakari. Read: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p7. Category: Seasons, Time, Weather.

pakitiroti Variant: pakitirati. masculine noun. water monitor. Syn: yuwarnti. See: kawarri; muwani; muwaka; warrikarriki; wayika. Note: Photo freom ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p119 Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Reptiles.

pakujapura See main entry: pakijapura. masculine noun. young animal, joey.

pakujapuruwi See main entry: pakijapuruwi. plural noun. young animals, joeys.

pakumwara Variant: pwakumwara. free form verb. alone, solely, solitary, quietly, doing nothing. See: wangata; wangatamiya; yati; wangatilani; yatilani; jikuruwulingini; -mwarri. Karrimaka ngirri-ju-wariyi pakumwara japuja ngirri-wuji-ngi-muw-ani. I haven't been anywhere just sitting at home quietly. Pakumwara a-ri-maminingi-y-ajuwura It (radio) can just stay there doing nothing (as it is) broken. Category: Adverbs, Non-physical qualities. Category: Adverbs, Non-physical qualities.

pakumwara -inti be sole possessor or owner, be only one to own something. Morph: pakumwara 'alone' + verb with root:‑inti 'stand'. Gram: Old Tiwi: + indirect object prefix for owner and subject prefix for thing owned Ngarra pakumwara ampi-nti-rr-akili-y-iti. It (car or boat) belongs solely to him. Lit: The boat or car stands for him alone..

palaji₁ From: Iwaidja. feminine noun. bag, sack. See: purrupurruka. Note: Picture by Jennifer Lee Category: Things people make, Baskets and bags.

palaji₂ totem group. See: yiminga; pukwiyi; yirruma. Category: Clan groups.

palampala Variant: palapala. masculine noun. bed. Note: Picture from gallery of Picture It! software Category: Introduced items.

palampalinga feminine noun. Milkwood tree. Anth: People used to scrape the bark and collect the milky sap to use as a glue to mix with ochre when they painted themselves. They also put it in their hair before they add red ochre for ceremonies. They used to use the trunks of big trees to make canoes. Anth: People used to use the trunks of large trees to make canoes, the timber floats well and is fairly easy to carve. They used timber of smaller branches and stems to make stems for smoking pipes. Anth: People used to burn the bark and then rub the fine black soot to rub it on the skin of pale skinned babies. They did this to hide the light coloured skin from Welfare Officers who used to take the children away from their Aboriginal mothers. Syn: jarntinga, murrulurruka. Read: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p24. Category: Plants, Trees, Traditional religion, Ceremonies, Traditional customs, Tools or utensils, Transport.

palampalini masculine noun. feather headdress. made from White Cockatoo feathers attached to stick or bone using bees wax. Syn: pawuraji, pimirntiki. See: japalingini; arntumwari; kurupurraka; ngaringa; pwalatinga.. Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p60. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Traditional religion, Ceremonial objects.

palapala See main entry: palampala. masculine noun. bed.

palapi See main entry: pwalapi. free form verb. become angry.

palimaringa Variant: parrimaringa. feminine noun. barren or childless woman.Masculine: palimaringini. Plural: palimaruwi. Syn: jimaringa. Category: People, Human status, Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

palimaringini Variant: palimarini. masculine noun. childless man.Feminine: palimaringa. Plural: palimaruwi. Syn: yirrimarini. Category: People, Human status.

palimarini See main entry: palimaringini. masculine noun. childless man.

palimaruwi plural noun. childless people.Masculine: palimaringini. Feminine: palimaringa. Syn: yirrimaruwi, jimaruwi. Category: People, Human status.

palinganya adverb. left (opposite to right). Ant: aripa. See: palinganyini. Category: Direction or location.

palinganyinga feminine noun. left-handed woman.Masculine: palinganyini. See: palinganya. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

palinganyini masculine noun. 1 • left-handed male.Feminine: palinganyinga. See: palinganya. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

2 • incorrect. See: jirti. Makirrarna awarra ngamawuntajiyarra. Ngajiti nginaki ngini palinganyini wuta wupangiraga. We should teach them diligently. Not this incorrect (language) which they speak.

palinganyuwani locative word. on the left side, the left. Morph: palinganya 'left hand' +‑wani 'place'. Ant: aripuwani. Category: Direction or location.

palingarra locative word. other side (of body, branch, river). Syn: maringarra. See: palingarruwu; kurrukwala. Category: Direction or location. Category: Direction or location.

palingarra -mi spread out or stretch out in extended line, line up beside each other. as with men hunting. Syn: palingwaya, -palirrari, -alirra, -kilira, pirrini, -pukumarirrari. palingarra nga-wu-rra-m-ajirri let's stretch out from one side to other. Category: Moving.

palingarruwu locative word. other side (far side). Syn: maringarruwu. See: palingarra. Category: Direction or location.

palingwaya Variant: palungwaya. free form verb. spread out in a line, line up beside each other. as in hunting, usually standing but can be sitting; originally lined up facing each other to fight. Syn: -palirrari, -marimiya, palingarra, -alirra, -kilira. See: pirrini; -pukumarirrari. Waya awungarri palingwaya pu-rru - wunga. Wangatajirri purru-wunu-kuwuna awuta jarranguwi. They spread out chasing the cattle in different directions. palingwaya pinuwungamini the used to line up beside each other over there. Category: Moving, Change of position or state.

-palipa transitive verb root 3. spear or stab in back, for pain to hit one in back. Gram: This is possibly -pi- ‘long thing’ + -walipa 'to hit in back', but I have no examples of walipa. See: -pukulonjigi; -kupuri; -kijima; -aniligi; -milima; minga -mi; turli -wurtimi. Ju-wunji-rr-ikinyapa ngini ju-wingi-palipa. He stood ready to spear it (turtle) in the back. yi-mini-palipa soreness is in my back or he speared me in the back. Category: Hunting or fishing, Violence or impact, Sickness or injury and healing.

paliraji See main entry: palironji. masculine noun. Manta rays, Devil ray.

paliranji See main entry: palironji. masculine noun. Manta rays, Devil ray.

palironji Variant: paliranji; paliraji. masculine noun. Manta rays, Devil ray. Aetobatus narinari, Aetomylaeus spp., Mobula eregoodootenkee, Manta birostris. Ques: I'm not sure if there is a distinction between palironji and palironjinga - probably one of size. See: kirluwarringa; maratuma; tarninga; jilipujinga; rutunga. Note: Photo by Ken2754@Yokohama on Flickr Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Fish.

palironjinga feminine noun. Manta ray, Devil Ray. Aetobatus narinari, Aetomylaeus spp., Mobula eregoodootenkee, Manta birostris. See: palironji; kirluwarringa; maratuma; tarninga; jilipujinga; rutunga. Ques: I'm not sure if there is a distinction between palironji and palironjinga - probably one of size. Read: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p110. Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Fish.

-palirrari intransitive verb root 1. for something or things to spread out or be spread out, in a line or over an area. See: -alirra; -kilira; -wutiga; -wapurtayamugi. yi-palirrari it was spread out. Ngirri-p-akuluwunyi ngini a-ri-palirrari ngarra kintanga api ngi-ri-mungumajawa. I saw the footprints of one whose feet have the toes spread out and I recognised them. Category: Moving, Change of position or state.

-palirri feminine verb root 1. Gram: Old Tiwi: + indirect object prefix protect someone from danger, such as by blocking the way. See: -urligi; -apulipagi; -ajiyipulagi; -apwiya; -majipuwu; -majakilamira -anyuwuluga; -kaga; -pwanjigi. piti-mi-palirri they protected him from danger. piti-ma-palirri they protected us from danger. Category: Social behaviour, Change of position or state.

-palirruwa transitive verb root 1. hold by shoulders. Syn: -angurliya. See: -kiringa; -wuningiruga; -kitimigi; -wurtampirri; -munturruwa; -wunga -wunungurumagi. ampu-nginyi-palirruwa she is holding you by the shoulders. Category: Body functions or actions, Holding or transfer.

paliwuni Variant: paluwuni. masculine noun. type of Palm. Gronophyllum ramsayi, Hydriastele wendlandiana. This is similar to jora, which is the female equivalent, but smaller and skinnier. People sometimes eat growing point (tiya). People used to use the larger part of the fronds to make a basket they called turlini. Syn: yartirrikani. See: jora; jorini; tiya. Read: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' pp57, 61. Category: Plants, Palms.

paliyarra masculine noun. From: Iwaidja. mast. Syn: turtini. Category: Introduced items.

palukakari noun. 'shoulder' dance. danced by women with small bunches of bushes held above the shoulders. performed at death ceremonies by mothers-in-law and certain other female relatives of the deceased. Syn: ngimpala. See: kirama; waruma. Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p31. Category: Traditional religion, Ceremonies.

paluti Variant: pwaluti; pwarluti. noun. beard. Syn: kumuti. See: kumutinga; -majirrinamili-; -majirrikiri-. Note: Picture from 'Ngawurranungurumagi Nginingawila Ngapangiraga: Tiwi-English Dictionary' and photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Body parts and products.

palutinga Variant: pwalutinga; pwarlitinga. noun. big beard. Syn: kumutinga. See: paluti; kumuti. Category: Body parts and products.

Paluwiyangipila plural noun. N. Melville Is. regional group. Syn: Marruwawila. Category: Regional groups.

paluwiyari masculine noun. loin cloth. Syn: pantirriwini. See: pantirra; ankijuwu; ankijipi. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Clothing and material.

paluwuni See main entry: paliwuni. masculine noun. type of Palm.

pamajini See main entry: pamijini. masculine noun. large ceremonial armband.

pamanjini See main entry: pamijini. masculine noun. large ceremonial armband.

pamantarri Variant: pamatarri. masculine noun. damper. See: pamantarrini; kanijawa; kwakini; kirritawini. Ngawa ngarikirimi pamantarri nginingaji kurluwukari. We make the damper like a circle. Note: Photo by Marie Godfrey Category: Food and cooking, Traditional food.

pamantarrini masculine noun. damper, small damper, bun. See: pamantarri; kirritawini; kanijawa; kwakini. Ques: pamantarri is the usual word for 'damper'. Different people have given different meanings for pamantarrini but it seems to have been used by older people for smaller "Ngarruwu ata. Punginingita pamantarrini, api yirrara miputi," pirimi. "There is (some food). Five small dampers and two fish," they said. Category: Food and cooking, Traditional food, Introduced food.

pamatarri See main entry: pamantarri. masculine noun. damper.

pamati masculine noun. ceremonial war or fight. See: yipurrini. Karri wawurruwari piriwarri pamati, wuta arnuka arliranga yirrijalamiya. When they fought the ceremonial war naked they weren't embarrassed. Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p34. Note: Picture from ‘Ngawurranungurumagi Nginingawila Ngapangiraga: Tiwi-English Dictionary’ Category: Traditional religion, Ceremonies.

pamatikimi Variant: pamatinkimi. masculine noun. angelfish. Note: Picture from ‘Ngawurranungurumagi Nginingawila Ngapangiraga: Tiwi-English Dictionary’ Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Fish.

pamatinkimi See main entry: pamatikimi. masculine noun. angelfish.

pamatirlayi noun. central growing tip of the miparriyi (Fan Palm). People may eat it raw or roasted, often dipping it in bush honey to sweeten it. Sometimes they heat it on hot coals and then chew it to treat chest infections, such as 'short wind'. They may also boil it and drink the liquid to relieve chest congestion. It is also said to be good for diabetes. See: pakijipiyi; miparriyi. Read: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p63. Category: Plants, Plant parts, Palms, Food and cooking, Traditional food.

pamijini Variant: paminjini; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pamanjini; pamajini. masculine noun. large ceremonial armband. made from Pandanus or mawunkati with feathers. See: parnti; yarirringa; wulika; arlipurrini; yariti; wajini; wamukini; kulijima; jukuti. Note: Picture from 'Ngawurranungurumagi Nginingawila Ngapangiraga: Tiwi-English Dictionary' Note: Photo by Joy Naden Category: Traditional religion, Ceremonial objects.

pamilampunyinga feminine noun. bitch, female dog.Masculine: pamilampunyini. Plural: pamilampunyuwi. Syn: pulangumwaka, wanka, kitarringaka. See: mirnuntika. Category: Animals, Mammals, Introduced animals.

pamilampunyini masculine noun. dog. Syn: pulangumwani, kitarringini, wankini.Feminine: pamilampunyinga. Plural: pamilampunyuwi. See: mirnuntini. Note: Picture from 'Ngawurranungurumagi Nginingawila Ngapangiraga: Tiwi-English Dictionary' and photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Animals, Mammals, Introduced animals.

pamilampunyuwi plural noun. dogs.Masculine: pamilampunyini. Feminine: pamilampunyinga. Syn: pulangumwawi, kitarringuwi, wankuwi. See: mirnuntuwi. Category: Animals, Mammals, Introduced animals.

paminjini See main entry: pamijini. masculine noun. large ceremonial armband.

pampangimpi See main entry: papangipi. plural noun. alive, well.

pamparinga Variant: paparinga. feminine noun. mangroves. Syn: mirrimparinga, mirrituwunga. See: kimirrakini; murrakupupuni; pakitatiya; timani; warta; wartuwani; yawurlama; yarti. Awuta tarnikuwi amp-ati-rupu-ma-rr-awurri-kirijimi. Awungarri wati-p-apipirraya kapi pamparinga. The flying foxes eat their fill until morning. At that time they go down to the mangroves. Note: Photo by Joy Naden Category: Mangroves.

pampiyaka Variant: papiyaka. feminine noun. type of tree. Calophyllum soulattri. People use the bark to make baskets (fv:tunga), which people used to use to carry the flesh of minta seeds after they had soaked them in running water. Read: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p33. Category: Plants, Trees.

pampulini masculine adjective. soft. used for babies (maybe with the sense of 'soft and cuddly');Feminine: pampulunga. Plural: pampuluwi. See: jipitiwi; mintiga. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pampulunga feminine adjective. soft (feminine). used for babies (maybe with the sense of 'soft and cuddly');Masculine: pampulini. Plural: pampuluwi. See: jipitika; mintiga. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pampuluwi plural adjective. soft (of people). used for babies (maybe with the sense of 'soft and cuddly').Masculine: pampulini. Feminine: pampulunga. See: jipitini; mintiga. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pamulampunya free form verb. run, trot. Syn: kalikali fe Þ or wiliwili -mi. Note: Photo from Chrisroll - http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/view photog.php?photogid=2140 Category: Moving.

-panamili- Variant: -pirnamili-. incorporated form 1. chin, jaw, jawbone. See: yirrinamila. yi-panamil-awurra his jawbone broke.

panampurtiyi See main entry: panapurtiyi. feminine noun. mother of baby girl.

panapa feminine noun. fishing net (that blocks the river). Syn: mirruti. See: minkaga; arlirringa. Note: Picture from zabsports.com Category: Tools or utensils.

panapurtiyi Variant: panampurtiyi; panyampirtiyi; panyampurtiyi; panyapirtiyi. feminine noun. mother of baby girl. See: awirriyawiyi; ngimpaninga; wurarrika. Category: People, Human status.

pangarri temporal word. tomorrow, next day. See: pangarrinara; pangatupangarri. Category: Time.

pangarrinara temporal word. soon, one day soon. Morph: pangarri 'tomorrow' +‑nara 'little bit'. See: ninganinara; pangarri; pangatupangarri. Category: Time.

pangatapangarri See main entry: pangatupangarri. temporal word. tomorrow morning, next morning.

pangatipangarri See main entry: pangatupangarri. temporal word. tomorrow morning, next morning.

pangatupangarri Variant: pangatipangarri; pangatapangarri. temporal word. tomorrow morning, next morning. See: pangarri; pangarrinara. Category: Time.

-pangilarnti- incorporated form 1. buffalo. See: jarranga; jarrangini; kuntiyani; pirama; ampuwu; pulika; pwangilontingini.

pangilontinga See main entry: pwangilontinga. feminine noun. large domestic animal.

pangilontingini See main entry: pwangilontingini. masculine noun. large domestic animal.

pangilontinguwi See main entry: pwangilontunguwi.

pangilontunguwi See main entry: pwangilontunguwi. masculine noun. large domestic animals.

pangirripangirri temporal word. some time later. See: pangarri; pangatupangarri. Pangirripangirri awarra yirrula yimarrarami ninkiyi waya yatilaka jiyimuwu awinyirra murrukupwara. Some time later the old man died and the young woman was left alone. Category: Time.

pangulanjuma feminine noun. Azure Kingfisher. Ceyx azureua or Alcedo azureus. Syn: pipijirraringa. See: payampuna. Note: Photo from Tiwi Plants and Animals' p32 Category: Birds.

-panikarrimula intransitive verb root 1. go around a big section of country; skirt around (and not take shortcut). See: -warrumula. pi-ri-panikarrimula they skirted around something (a large area). Awinyirra kapala ji-panikarrimula awarra ratuwati. The boat went around the island. Category: Moving.

panikini From: English. masculine noun. billycan, pannikin, tin. Syn: karlupuka, kilupi, wilijinga. See: -ilinganta-. Note: Picture by SIL artist Category: Things people make, Baskets and bags, Introduced items.

panimika feminine noun. 1 • orphan female, female bereaved of parents.Masculine: panimini. Plural: panimipi. Syn: mirama. Category: People, Human status.

2 • special, favourite or pampered female. Category: Human status.

panimini masculine noun. 1 • orphan male, male bereaved of parents.Feminine: panimika. Plural: panimipi. Syn: mirawini. Category: People, Human status.

2 • special, favourite, or pampered male. Ngiya waya yati panimini. I am the only one he regarded as special.

panimipi plural noun. 1 • orphans, bereaved of parents.Masculine: panimini. Feminine: panimika. Syn: mamirampi. Category: People, Human status.

2 • special, favourite or pampered ones.

-paningi- incorporated form 1. 1 • raw meat or fish. See: -walipi-; -kunji-; purnikapa. Nganti-ri-paningi-kirim-ani awinyirra jikipayinga. We would cut up the crocodile meat into pieces. Ngampi-ri-paningi-rr-alami kangi kapala. Ninkiyi nga-wuni-ri-ma-rri-paning-uriyi japuja Nguyuwu. We put the meat into the boat. Then we take it home to Nguiu. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee

2 • flesh of bush potato. and possibly other potatoes and yams. Nga-wunga tangini murrupuni nga-ri-kirimi, kiyi nga-ri-kurungumi, kiyi nga-wunga awarra jaliwaki, kiyi nga-ri-paning-apa. We get a sharp stick then we dig and we get the bush potato (jaliwaki) and we eat the flesh.

3 • white man. See: murrintani. Api awarra naki ngini tuwawanga ngimpi-ri-wa-y-alangimi pili ngarra ngini yi-paningi-miringarra awarra, ngawa-rringani api ngarra yintanga Parramankara. And this which I'm putting on (the tape) again is because of our Father living here and his name was Father McGrath.

-panji- See main entry: -paji-. incorporated form 1. another place.

-panjupwa See main entry: -pwanjipa.

panka noun. walking stick. Syn: wulingaringa. See: tangini; purinjiti; arlukuni. Category: Tools or utensils.

pankinya See main entry: pakinya. adverb. first, at first.

pantirra masculine noun. flag. Syn: pantirriwini. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Introduced items.

pantirriwini masculine noun. flag, loin cloth, handkerchief. Syn: pantirra, paluwiyari. See: ankijuwu; ankijipi. Note: Photos by Jennifer Lee Category: Clothing and material.

panupala From: English. From: English. adjective. funny. Category: Describing people or animals.

2 • free form verb. laugh, think funny. Syn: pwakayini or wulinjini -wunga. Yingwampa kapi pirripakaluwunyi wuta panupala purruwunga, puranji pirimuwu awarra yimanka. Others who saw the film thought it was funny and liked it. Category: Talking or thinking, Feeling.

panya noun. wool, thread, yarn. See: pirraka. Category: Things people make.

panyampirtiyi See main entry: panapurtiyi. feminine noun. mother of baby girl.

panyampurtiyi See main entry: panapurtiyi. feminine noun. mother of baby girl.

panyapirtiyi See main entry: panapurtiyi. feminine noun. mother of baby girl.

panyapurtiyi See main entry: panapurtiyi, panapurtiyi. feminine noun. mother of baby girl.

papalika See main entry: paparlika. feminine noun. old things (feminine).

papaluwi See main entry: paparliwi. plural noun. old people, ancestors, forebears.

papangipi Variant: pwapangipi; papangupi; pampangimpi. plural noun. alive, well.Singular: yimpanga. Gram: used only predicatively, not as an adjective Syn: yingampuwi. Ngawa-yuwuni papangipi yi-ripu-kirim-ani, awuta kapi puruwunjuwi. Our older brother made those sick people better. Pirri-wini-pirn-ani awuta arikutumurnuwi. Kapi ninganuwanga papangipi awuta kapi pi-ri-muwu yoni murrakupuni, api awuta pirimi ngini, "Awungana nga-ta-ama?" pirimi awuta tiwi. They used to kill those men. Those who had survived (who were still alive) and who lived in another country said, "What are we to do?" Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

papangupi See main entry: papangipi. plural noun. alive, well.

paparanyini masculine noun. Brahminy Kite. Haliastur indus. See: jankinanki; ngirrikati; kutulakini; yirrimiruwu; yimpirnika; jiringini; murtati; turtijuka; pirlipirlingini. Note: Photo from pakorn' - http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/view photog.php?photogid=2188 Category: Birds, Birds of prey.

paparinga See main entry: pamparinga. feminine noun. mangroves.

paparlika Variant: papalika. feminine noun. old things (feminine). See: parlika; paparliwi. Category: Physical qualities.

paparliwi Variant: paparluwi; papaluwi. plural noun. old people, ancestors, forebears.Masculine: parlini. Feminine: parlika. Syn: papirrumaruwi. See: papurraluwi; wulikimawi; wulimawi; -ampi; maninguwi; yirrula; yinjula; kunukurluwi; milankirripila. Awuta paparliwi yinkiti nga- ma-wun-ta-yakirayi We should give the old people food. Ngawa nga-rra-nungurimagi nginiwuta paparliwi ngirramini. We should hold onto the law of the ancestors. Category: People, Human stages, Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

paparluwi See main entry: paparliwi. plural noun. old people, ancestors, forebears.

papi free form verb. Gram: normally + locative prefix. come out, appear, arrive, happen. See: -angirninyimi; -akurunginti; angarruligi. Ngini amukutakamini ngawuni ngini jirti apalamiya yilaruwu, papi nga-ri-m-amugi awarra. Whatever is bad within us we get rid of it ('whatever we have in us which is bad') we cause it to come out. Category: Moving, Change of position or state. Category: Moving, Change of position or state. Category: Moving, Change of position or state.

papi -marripi to arrive with food. Morph: papi ’arrive’ + ma(rri)‑'with' +‑pi 'do'. Papi pi-ri - marripi wuninga japuja. They arrived home with a possum. Category: Moving.

papi -marriwami to arrive with news. Morph: papi ’arrive’ +‑marri‑‘with’ + wa‑’words’ +‑mi ‘do’. Category: Moving, Social behaviour.

papirantani masculine noun. dirty water. See: kukuni; majulungi; mangulumpi; malarlani; atiwata; mangupuranji; mankirripuranji; winga; mirripaka mangijirti; mankirrijirti; makamuwa; mankwamini; mankwamunga; kukwa; kutinga; makatinga; kilijini yirringarni; mapajani; mipirranjini. Category: Water.

papirrimaruwi Usage: Archaic ( old Old Tiwi ). Variant: pirrimaruwi; pirrumaruwi; papurrumaruwi. plural noun. old people, ancestors.Masculine: pirrimarti. Feminine: pirrimaringa. Syn: paparliwi. See: papurraluwi; wulikimawi; wulimawi; milankirripila; yirrula; yinjula; kunukurluwi. Category: People, Human status, Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

papirrumaruwi See main entry: papirrimaruwi.

papiyaka See main entry: pampiyaka. feminine noun. type of tree.

papiyuwi plural noun. widows, widowers.Masculine: piyini. Feminine: piyinga. Syn: amparruwi, pijukwayuwi. See: amparruwu; pijukwayini; pijukwayinga; nginjajiringa (bro's widow). Category: People, Human status.

papuli Variant: pawupuli. From: Iwaidja. feminine noun. sapling. See: yintara; yintaringa; yintarini; yinja; yawurrapiyini. Category: Plants, Plant parts.

papurajuwi See main entry: papuranjuwi. plural noun. good people.

papuranganta See main entry: papurunganta. feminine noun. pregnant.

papurangantuwi See main entry: papurungantuwi.

papuranjuwi Variant: papurajuwi. plural adjective. good people or animals (in behaviour), well or healthy people or animals.Singular: puranji. Syn: pumpuwi. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Non-physical qualities.

papurli 1 • masculine noun. stick carried over shoulders, railing, horizontal bar (in framework). Category: Things people make, Plant parts.

2 • free form verb. carry on stick (over shoulders), put up as a horizontal bar in building. See: -akirtirruwa; -orlipirri; kapaka; pwapuna; -amawini; -marripi; karrimap. Karri waya yingarti jiyipirni awuta wuninguwi, api awungarri papurli yi - kirimi awuta wuninguwi. When he caught a lot of possums he carried them on a stick over his shoulders. Yingompa wawirruwi pirikirimi kurrampali, api purruwunyawu natinga kartirrikani, pili pirrarimi ngamparrimani jiringa. Wangini ngarra yoni jipungipunga awinyirra kartirrikani, jipakilingimugi, pili papurli yikirimi kapi ngangatawa kurrampali ngangi ayikirimami. Some men built a house and threw out a piece of timber, which they thought was no good. But another man chose that piece of timber and put it up to make a horizontal beam in the house he was staring to build. Category: Holding or transfer, Body functions or actions, Change of position or state.

papurraluwi Variant: popirriluwi; papurruluwi. plural noun. old people. Syn: paparluwi, papirrimaruwi, wulikimawi, wulimawi. See: yirrula; yinjula; kunukurluwi. Category: People, Human stages.

papurruluwi See main entry: papurraluwi. plural noun. old people.

papurrumaruwi See main entry: papirrimaruwi. plural noun. old people, ancestors.

papurtawi Variant: paputawi; purtawi. plural noun. people bereaved of sibling.Masculine: purtani. Feminine: purtaka. Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p28, 31. Category: People, Human status.

papurunganta Variant: papurungata; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: papuranganta; popuranganta. feminine noun. pregnant. advanced stage (near term).Plural: papurungantuwi. See: pirimaruwuka; -marrawurri-; -majanyuwunji-; -marrawurringa; -majangurrari. Note: Picture by SIL artist Category: People, Human status.

papurungantuwi Variant: fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: popurangantuwi; popurungantuwi. plural noun. pregnant women.Singular: papurunganta. Category: People, Human stages.

papurungata See main entry: papurunganta. feminine noun. pregnant.

paputawi See main entry: papurtawi. plural noun. people bereaved of sibling.

papuwaya From: English. noun. barbed wire. Note: Photo from Tina Phillips - www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/view photog.php?photogid=503 Category: Introduced items.

parija predicative. stiff-legged. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

parika feminine noun. paddle. See: jartukwa. Category: Tools or utensils.

-parirri transitive verb root 1. drive or chase someone or something away (as people, animals, flies), drive car. Syn: -warirri. Gram: -parirri and -warirri were probably originally the same root. See: -kuwina; -matakuwina. pi-ri-parirri they drove him away. Ngiya nginti-ri-parirri mutika kangi warta. I drove the car to the bush. Ngawa-rringani yi-parirri awarra mapurtiti kangiya a-wa-ri-miringarra purnikapa. Our Father drove away the devil who tried to live in my body. Category: Violence or impact, Moving.

pariwani Variant: paruwani. predicative. hungry. Syn: kariwani. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pariwanila Variant: paruwanila. predicative. starving, hungry for long time; Morph: pariwani 'hungry' +‑la ’CONTINUOUS’. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pariwaniyanga predicative. really hungry. Morph: pariwani 'hungry' +‑iyanga 'INTENSIFIER'. Category: Describing people or animals, Physical qualities.

parli See main entry: parliparli. free form verb. jump (as with fright or excitement).

parlika masculine noun. old (feminine), old woman, ancestress, female ancestor.Masculine: parlini. Plural: paparliwi. Syn: pirrimaringa, piluwarlinga. See: yinjula; wulikimaka; wulimawi; tipatirringimawu; yinkurlinga. Nimarra nginti-ri-mi ngangi awiranka kurrampali kapi yinkiti ngawunga. Ngawatuwu yingwampa nginti-ri-mi, "Ngawa arikulanga nginti-ma-ti-ya-kirimi awinyirra kurrampali, api yingarti wurrupiya," nginti-ri-mi. Api, "Arnapa," nginti-ri-mi ngawa yingwampa. "Karri yingarti wurrupiya ngarikirimi, api awungarri. Pakinya nginti-ma-ti-ya-kirimi ngangi parlika," nginti-ri-mi. We talked about a new store (Lit: building where we could get food). Some of us said, "We could build a big building but it's a lot of money," they said. So "Wait!" others of us said. "When we make a lot of money, well then (we'll build it). First we should fix up the old one," they said. Category: People, Human stages.

parlingarri temporal word. long ago, a long time in the past. See: purniyarri; purnaya; parlingarri; awurlaga; nangunji; mirnamirniyarri. Category: Time.

parlinginari temporal word. eventually, at last, too late for something. See: pangarrinara. Yita parlinginari papi ampirimi. It (the car) will come too late. Wuta pirripangulimayi karrampi. Parlinginari papi pirimi (kapi) awarra murrakupuni. They walked far. Sometime later they arrived at that country. Category: Time.

parlini masculine noun. old (masculine), old man, male ancestor. Syn: pirrimarti, piluwarti.Feminine: parlika. Plural: paparliwi. See: yirrula; wulikimani; wulimani; yinkurti. Yita wanga nyonga ngimpi-yi-ki-y-awurij-ami ngimpi-yi-ki-miringarra-mami ngimpi-yi-ki-y-angiraga-mami nyi-yi-ku-wangirr-ami ngini parlini. You go around into other houses at night. You sit down in those houses you talk and bring out old (troubles). Parlingarri parlini tayamini, api yimarrimuwu kiringarra yati ngarra-purnayuwi. Long ago an old dingo had six wives. Note: Picture by Judy Knowles, SIL artist Category: People, Human stages.

parliparli Variant: parli. free form verb. jump (as with fright or excitement), be startled. Syn: kutupi -mi. See: -marratinga-, -marratingaja, -marratinganga, marratingarlaka, marratingarlani, -alirra; marratingarli kutupi. Category: Moving, Body functions or actions. Category: Moving, Body functions or actions.

ruwuti parliparli -mi for heart to jump (as with fright or excitement). Morph: ruwuti 'heart' + parliparli 'jump'‑mi 'do'.

parliwurni masculine noun. type of tree. Category: Plants, Trees.

parnti masculine noun. thin woven armband. made from bush string (mawunkati). See: pamijini; yarirringa; wulika; arlipurrini; yariti; wajini; wamukini; kulijima; jukuti. Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p56.. Note: Picture from ‘Ngawurranungurumagi Nginingawila Ngapangiraga: Tiwi-English Dictionary’ Category: Traditional religion, Ceremonial objects.

-parnti Variant: -parti. intransitive verb root 1. make serious mistake, be blamed, be at fault, be the cause of some trouble. Gram: It is difficult to work out the exact meaning of this. See: wanima. nyimpi-ri-parnti you don't care about others' troubles. Lit: you make a mistake. Kamini nyinti-ri-parti karluwu nyinti-kujungura Why did you make a mistake, you didn't watch your step. Karri ampi-ni-wa-ri-parti awungarri ngawatuwu awungarri nga-wunga When she makes a mistake, we'll get her. Category: Describing people or animals, Social behaviour.

parntirringa feminine noun. coastal shrub, white grapes, white apples. Flueggea virosa, Syzygium armstrongii. The fruit is white when it is ripe and people eat them then. Note: Photos from 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p55 Category: Plants, Food and cooking, Traditional food.

-parnukuni intransitive verb root 1. ponder, consider, think carefully. before deciding something. Syn: -kalanyuwuni, -mungikalanyuwuni. See: -mungimi; -akitirrari; -pungintayi; minyawunga; punyipunyi; jinkapati. Arnapa, ninganuwanga ngimpi-ri-parnukuni. Wait, I'm still thinking about it. Note: Photo from gallery of Picture It! Software Category: Talking or thinking.

parra feminine noun. From: Iwaidja. wooden or dugout canoe. Syn: tongulaka, kupunyi. See: jipankuna; jipulinga; kapala; kapalapipi; kirawarri; mampini; mampunga; maratinga; marruwaka mutuputi; parra; pukirrakiningiyi; tarntuwu; tipuwarninki; wiyawunga; tokapayinga. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Transport.

Parrakijiyali Variant: Patakijiyali; Patakijali. proper noun. Father Gsell. Awarra Parrakijiyali yimi ngini, "Nginanki mirrawu api wunta-y-akirayi ngini jingijingi wurimi." Father Gsell said, "Give them this tobacco to smoke." Kiyi ngarra apiyamarnipa ngarra-maninga kalikali jiyimi, kiyi jiyikitirropurtayi awarra patakijali. Then Apiyamarnipa's grandmother ran and put her arms out in front of Father Gsell. Wutatuwu Tiwi pirri-p-apukiya kanijawa pili amparrimani turtiyangini. Kiyi Patajiyali pwakayini yu-wunga. The Tiwi people rubbed flour on themselves because they thought it was white paint. then father Gsell laughed. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Christian religion.

Parramakara See main entry: Parramankara.

Parramankara Variant: Patamankara. proper noun. Father McGrath. Karri ngawa ngarra alawura yim-apa waya ngarra wangat-amiya ngi-rri-p-ipunjinga-y-a-mini kangi jurra awarra Patamankara. When Father McGrath became boss, well it was to him alone that we listened in church. Ninkiyi, ngarra yi-ni-ri-ki-y-apinagi awarra Parramankara api ngawa ngintu-wa-ri-ki-mi ngamparrimani mapurtiti a-wuni-ki-ja. Then Father McGrath sneaked up in the night. We mistakenly thought he was a ghost coming. Category: Christian religion.

parrapawuli See main entry: parrupawurli. masculine noun. mud.

parrapawurli See main entry: parrupawurli. masculine noun. mud.

-parri See main entry: -wamparri. intransitive verb root 1. be last, end.

-parrigi transitive verb root 1. kick (with shoes on), hit with stick with sharp point or with axe. See: -anyuwunyawu; kiki. pi-ri-parrigi they hit him with a sharp stick, they kicked him (with their shoes on). Category: Violence or impact.

parrimaringa See main entry: palimaringa. feminine noun. barren or childless woman.

parriparri free form verb. Gram: Old Tiwi: + indirect object prefix prefix for person fan (fire or person). Ngiya parriparri ngi-ri - kirimi yikwani pili yikulumurri. I fanned the fire because it had grown cold. Category: Moving, Change of position or state.

parriwiyi noun. horse. Syn: pika, nantuwu, partitapartita, jarra₂. See: pwangilontingini; pwangilotungini. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Introduced animals.

parruliyangipila plural noun. Mud clan. Category: Clan groups.

parrupawuli See main entry: parrupawurli. masculine noun. mud.

parrupawurli Variant: parrupawuli; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: parrapawurli; parrapawuli. masculine noun. mud. Syn: yuwuni₂. See: parruwarti; kiluwarti. Category: Water, Land or ground.

parruwarti masculine noun. dirt, soil, earth. Syn: kiluwarti, yilumuwuni. See: parrupawurli; yuwuni. Category: Land or ground.

parruwartila predicative. dirty, soiled. Morph: parruwarti 'dirt' +‑la ’EMPHATIC’. See: kiluwartila; kuwulingini; pukupurala. Ngiya waya parruwartila pili ngurru-wuriyi mirriparinga. I am dirty because I've been to the mangroves. Category: Physical qualities.

parta See main entry: partuwa. conjunction. that's over, that's all, finished, after that.

-parti See main entry: -parnti. intransitive verb root 1. make serious mistake.

-partingi- incorporated form 1. drown. See: -akupunarli; arntingi. "Nginingaji ngatawa a-ri-mi arikutumurnuwi yanamurluwi ampu-rupu-partingi-rr-arawam-anyimi," yimi ngawa-rringani. Everything, people and animals will all die from drowning," said our Father.

partirrapartirra See main entry: partitapartita. masculine noun. horse.

partitapartita Variant: partirrapartirra. masculine noun. horse. Syn: pika, jarra₂, nantuwu, parriwiyi. See: pwangilotungini. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Animals, Introduced animals.

partuwa Variant: parta. conjunction. that's over, that's all, finished, after that. See: juwa; tuwa; waya juwa. Partuwa wangini awarra ngirramini a-wu-j-ipaya-mami. After that the story is starting to finish. Category: Particles or conjunctions or clitics.

paruwani See main entry: pariwani. predicative. hungry.

paruwanila See main entry: pariwanila. predicative. very hungry.

pastimap Variant: pajimap. Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. free form verb. Gram: May have Auxiliary verb with root: -kirimi bust up. Kiyi nga-wunga awarra rut awinyirra purinjirringa, kiyi ngawa pijirimigi nga-ri-kirimi awarra. Pastimap nga-ri-kirimi awarra ngininyitawa mipurra. Kiyi ngapamukuri kangi awinyirra wulijinga wutiriyi awarra kukuni. Then we get the root of that tree and smash it up. Then we bust up the outer layer. Then we put it into a tin with water. Category: Violence or impact.

Patakijali See main entry: Parrakijiyali.

Patakijiyali See main entry: Parrakijiyali.

Patamankara See main entry: Parramankara.

patari free form verb. widen (a hole in a hollow log). See: -pawuliga. Category: Change of position or state.

-patili- incorporated form 1. fish. Syn: -piyantili-. See: miputi; -pi-; -paningi-. Nga-ri-ma-rri-patili-y-apurti warta. We take the fish up to the bush.

patinga feminine noun. type of tree or wood. Cordia dichotoma. suitable for making firesticks. Ques: It is not clear if this is now known for one particular tree or any wood that is suitable. In some cases patinga seems to be used for the firesticks themselves and the word muluwanya used for 'spark made by firesticks', though in old Tiwi muluwanya seems to be used for 'firestick(s)'. See: muluwanya. Read: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p40. Category: Plants, Plant parts.

patingari predicative. striped, stripes, horizontal cuts (on pole). See: manguminga. Awinyirra tunga patingari. That basket is striped. Awinyirra tunga patingari. That basket is striped.

patingari -kirimi make stripes on person when painting up, make horizontal cuts on pole with axe. Morph: patingari stripes' + verb with root:‑kirimi 'make'. See: -wijilarlinga; -apuka; jilamara; marlipinyini; mipura. Ngarra patingari yi-kirimi kangi tunga. He painted stripes on the basket. Category: Holding or transfer.

patingirrupati free form verb. pierce something, make a hole in timber, plastic etc., wallaby (to insert a carrying stick). normally means that the stick or whatever goes right through something; can refer to a pain going right through a part of the body. See: arlitunga; turli. Category: Cutting or breaking or tearing.

patipatingini Variant: pwatipwatingini. masculine noun. small lizard. Category: Reptiles.

patirrapatirra See main entry: partitapartita. horse. Category: Animals, Introduced animals.

patiyalinga feminine noun. mangrove tree. Syn: jinjinga, tunkuka. Note: Photos from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p34 Category: Plants, Trees.

patukuti From: English: petticoat. feminine noun. skirt. Syn: manimpurruwa, warlirringa. Category: Clothing and material, Introduced items.

patuma See main entry: pajuma. feminine noun. glass, mirror, glasses or spectacles.

pawa Usage: Modern Tiwi, New Tiwi. From: English. noun. power. See: warlima. amantakirayi nginingatawa pawa ngini awarra ngapamurrumi. he gives us his power so that we can work.

-pawuliga transitive verb root 1. widen, enlarge (hole). See: patari. pi-ri-pawuliga they widened it. Ngarra yi-pawuliga yangamini pili kiyijini awarra. He widened the hole because it was too small. Category: Change of position or state, Describing things.

pawunga feminine noun. White Egret. Ardea species. Syn: mwararrani. See: jongijongini; yakingiya; purtapurta; kararrunga; wulipankini; araka. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p106 Category: Birds, Water birds.

pawupawu free form verb. clap hands on buttocks. as accompaniment to dancing. Syn: kiriparri -mi. See: -kilipi; -kipunga. Karri yingwampa yoyi wurimi yingwampa pawupawu wu-ri - mi. While some people dance others clap their hands on their buttocks. Category: Ceremonies, Body functions or actions.

pawupuli See main entry: papuli. noun. sapling, rail.

pawuraji masculine noun. feather headdress. made from White Cockatoo feathers attached to stick or bone using beeswax. Syn: palampalini, pimirntiki. See: japalingini; ngaringa; arntumwari; kurupurraka; pwalatinga. Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p60. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Traditional religion, Ceremonial objects.

-pawurringimpurugi See main entry: -pawurringipurugi. intransitive verb root 1. hit on head, make roof, roof.

-pawurringipurugi Variant: -pawurringimpurugi; -pawurringumpurugi. intransitive verb root 1. hit on head, make roof. Syn: -ingirraga, -pungirraga. See: -matingirraga; -pungampuwa; -pungipa; -punkilarrapugi; -mirijigi; -matingiripwalintiya. manjanga yi-mini-pawurringipurigi he hit me on the head with a big stick. pi-rri-mini-ki-pawurringipirigi they hit me on the head at night. pungintaga yijana yi-mini-pawurringipurugi Category: Violence or impact, Body functions or actions. Category: Violence or impact, Body functions or actions.

pungintaga (yi)jana -pawurringupirigi have headache. Lit: pain hits on head. Syn: -(mat)ingirraga (yi)jana. Pungintaga yijana yi-mini-pawurringupirigi I have a headache (or had).

-pawurringumpurugi See main entry: -pawurringipurugi. intransitive verb root 1. hit on head, make roof, roof.

paya Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. noun. fire. Syn: yikwani. Category: Fire.

-paya See main entry: -ipaya. intransitive verb root 2. finish, stop, cease doing something.

payamarnuwa masculine noun. spirit. See: karla, mapurtiti, warlamankini, yiminga, wakurtapa, yimanka, yirrungwarra, nyingani, mankini, puliwuni putiputini, marakati, yamparriparri, yamurrutuwu; -marrala-, -warla-. Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p40. Category: Beliefs.

-payamiya See main entry: -ipayamiya. intransitive verb root 2. not retaliate or payback.

payampuna masculine noun. White-collared Kingfisher or Mangrove Kingfisher. Todiramphis chloris or Halycon chloris. yirrikipayi ngarra-naringa 'the crocodile is his mother'. See: pangulanjuma; pipijirraringa. Note: Photo from Lip Kee’s photostream (4,302) Category: Birds.

payankula See main entry: payawankula. feminine noun. type of bush honey, sugarbag.

payawankula Variant: payankula. feminine noun. type of bush honey, sugarbag. See: jalingini; yingwati; jamulanjini; tawurati; yimpara; yinjuparrura; yoyinkimi; mawungunya; ngartankula yuwurama; jipiyinkimi; kitirrala; mangirripangunya; purtukwi. Awinyirra payankula kularlaga nga-ri-mi ninkiyi, ngampi-nyayi kangi yimpurrora purinjirringa. We hunt around for bush honey and then we find it at the bottom of the tree. Category: Food and cooking, Traditional food.

Payawurrurawila plural noun. W. Bathurst Is. regional group. Syn: Wurrankuwila. Category: Regional groups.

payi From: English. free form verb. Gram: May have Auxiliary verb with root: -mi buy. Murruntawi kapi wuta tangarima karrampi murrakupuni, wuta wu-nu-riyi awungarra nguiu, Milikpaiti amintiya Pularampi. Karri wuta wu-nu-riyi awuta murruntawi wuta piringimi wurimi yingarti wurrupiya pili wuta payi wurimi kilawuji, pukumani poli amintiya mintawunga. White people who live in far away places come here to Nguiu, Milkapiti and Pularumpi. When those white people come they bring lots of money to buy clothes, pukumani poles and bark (paintings). Category: Holding or transfer.

-payi Usage: Archaic ( old Old Tiwi ). intransitive verb root 1. kill in one hit (or shot). also used for kill or catch game in general. See: -pirni; -wurtinyawu; wapimirra; -akitiringa; -pimagi; yurta. pi-ri-payi they killed it in one hit/shot. Ngini pakinya ampi-ni-kupuri, api ngini awarra a-ri-pirni, api awarra a-ri-payi. If he kills the first animal he shoots that's the meaning of aripayi. Category: Violence or impact, Hunting or fishing.

payil From: English. noun. file. Category: Introduced items, Tools or utensils.

payipayi Usage: Modern Tiwi, New Tiwi. From: English: byebye. free form verb. Gram: May have Auxiliary verb with root: -mi sleep. Syn: kirliminjini, kirliminjangini, piyani. See: -akituwumi, -majirripi, -mili, -wungirliji, -wungirrari, wungirlijiga, -wungirlijingiga -wungirrangilamparra, -wungirrorimi; -pi-, -wungi, -wungilimpangi-. Nuwa kakirijuwi api karri nuwa ngimpatipangimpari api ngini nuwa-naruwi payipayila wurimi api nyirrayawumi yikiti nuwilamiya. And, children, when you wake up in the morning, if your mothers continue sleeping, cook your own food. Note: Photo used with permission Category: Body functions or actions.

payipuli From: English. noun. Bible. Category: Christian religion.

payiti Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. free form verb. Gram: May have Auxiliary verb with root: -mi fight. See: -warri; yipurrini; -akitiringa; -piyakitiringa; -wayakitiringa; -muninganyayi; -wurturumagi. Category: Violence or impact.

payiwuti Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. noun. firewood. See: yikwani. Note: Picture from AuSIL archives Category: Fire.

pi- Variant: pu-. verb prefix. 1 • they (PAST). Gram: 1st order of verbal prefixes – subject-tense Gram: It occurs immediately before the connective link ri- before a class 1 verb root or incorporated form ma- 'with' or ki- 'evening', when the verb is intransitive or is transitive with 'him' as the object. Wuta awuta yoyi pi-ri-ma-rri-kiji-m-ani. They used to dance with a stick. Karri pi-ri-pirni jarrikarlani api pirri-p-akupuringitigi. When they killed the turtle they lay it on its back.

2 • they. Gram: 1st order of verbal prefixes – subject-tense \re * Gram: It occurs on some non-indicative verbs, such as with ma- the SUBJUNCTIVE prefix. Nginaki ngini ngi-ripi-ningi-mwari kuta kaminawurti wuta miratinga wuta naki yinjini amintiya naki wurrungwarra wuta karluwu pu-ma-nyawu. Karrikuwapi pu-ma-wun-t-akirayi. Api wuta awarra ngiya-mamirampi ngi-ripu-rr-umwar-apura. All the things which I leave, such as my boat and engine and the television, they shouldn't throw them away. They shouldn't give them to anyone. The things which I have got, I leave them behind for my children.

pi- verb prefix. Gram: 8th order of verbal prefixes - STANCE standing up, away from camp, out bush, distant in time. Gram: It is often difficult to work out the meaning of this prefix. It appears the basic meaning was 'standing up' (see Osborne, p46) but the meaning has been extended to mean 'away from camp' or 'out bush' (not 'sitting' or 'settled'). can be confused with the incorporated form -pi(ngi)- or -pu(ngi)- which usually seems to mean 'ground'. Gram: This is normally followed by a connective or link, which varies depending upon what follows - ngi- or ngu- before a class 1 verb root or incorporated form, ma- 'with' or ki- 'evening';,fv:ng- before class 3 verb root or incorporated form, rr- before class 2 verb roots or incorporated forms. If one of the subject-tense prefixes ampi-, ngimpi-, nyimpi-, ngampi- or wumpi- or a direct or indirect object prefix comes immediately before then the pi- is dropped but the links listed above occur. Yinkiti ngirri-pi-ngi-pirn-ani pirlima We would catch food out bush on the way. Ngawatuwu parlingarri karri ngawa jukurli nginti-ri-kirim-ani, yingarti ngi-rri-pi-ngi-kipili-nyayi katiniwi ngini kunukuluwi wuta pi-pi-ngi-kijika-mini. jukukuni, arlipwa, mankuwu wuta pinana, roka nginti-pi-ngi-kipili-nyayi. Long ago when we were in school we found lots gardens which the adults had dug. We found gardens with sugarcane, coconuts and mangoes and bananas, potatoes. Nuwatuwu arnuka karluwu warntirrana arnuka ngi-ni-mungumajawa awungarruwu ngini kuta kamini a-wuni-pi-rr-iti karri arungampi ngarruwu a-wuni-pu-ngi-ma. You don't really know what lies in the future, what is ahead. Yinkiti ngirri-pi-ngi-pirn-ani pirlima We would catch food out bush on the way. Ngawatuwu parlingarri karri ngawa jukurli nginti-ri-kirim-ani, yingarti ngi-rri-pi-ngi-kipili-nyayi katiniwi ngini kunukuluwi wuta pi-pi-ngi-kijika-mini. jukukuni, arlipwa, mankuwu wuta pinana, roka nginti-pi-ngi-kipili-nyayi. Long ago when we were in school we found lots gardens which the adults had dug. We found gardens with sugarcane, coconuts and mangoes and bananas, potatoes. Nuwatuwu arnuka karluwu warntirrana arnuka ngi-ni-mungumajawa awungarruwu ngini kuta kamini a-wuni-pi-rr-iti karri arungampi ngarruwu a-wuni-pu-ngi-ma. You don't really know what lies in the future, what is ahead.

pirraya- walking along. Gram: The same phonological

pi- See main entry: ripi-. verb prefix. Gram: 6th order of verbal prefixes – indirect object or for them.

-pi intransitive verb root 1. do. Gram: Root of some auxiliary verbs with some free form verbs, normally seems to be used when the action is as a result of something being hit. Karri ngiya ngirri-p-awulitiga awinyirra purinjrringa api arntang ampi-ri-pi. When I bang on the tree with axe it goes arntang. Karri ngiya ngirri-p-awulitiga awinyirra purinjrringa api arntang ampi-ri-pi. When I bang on the tree with axe it goes arntang. Karri ngiya ngirri-p-awulitiga awinyirra purinjrringa api arntang ampi-ri-pi. When I bang on the tree with axe it goes arntang. Karri ngiya ngirri-p-awulitiga awinyirra purinjrringa api arntang ampi-ri-pi. When I bang on the tree with axe it goes arntang. Karri ngiya ngirri-p-awulitiga awinyirra purinjrringa api arntang ampi-ri-pi. When I bang on the tree with axe it goes arntang.

kutupi -pi jump up and hit something. Morph: kutupi 'jump' + verb with root:‑pi 'do and hit'. Ngiya yuwurli nginti-ri-pukirimi api kutupi yi-mini-ri-pi, yi-mini-punkalarrapugi. I chopped into the tree for mangrove worms, and it (a slither of wood) jumped up and hit me in the eye.

pirlinkiti -pi cry from being hit. Morph: pirlinkiti 'cry' + verb with root:‑pi 'do and hit'. Ngarra yipirni ngarra-mirani kangi kurumuta api pirlinkiti yi-pi. He hit his son on the arm so he cried. yimpaja ngu-wa-ri-wujingi-pirni api karluwu pirlikiti a-ta-pi I keep hitting him but he doesn't cry (from the hitting).

purli -pi be hurt (from being hit). Arramukuwani yipirini api ngarra purli yi-pi. Someone hit him and he was hurt (from being hit).

ankang a-p-i-ngi-pi the tree says 'ankang' (when hit with axe - solid tree).

-pi nominal suffix. plural. See: -uwi.

-pi-₁ Variant: -pu-. incorporated form 1. Ques: This incorporated form seems to have a variety of meanings, some of which are not always clear. long thin thing ( e.g. snake, rope, fence). pitipita ngamp-irtu-pi -nyayi we find the snake's track. Ngiya pirlamarri ngi-rr-aru-wuriyi ngini ngi-mani-ri-pi -nyawu tuwayini I carelessly went to throw out a fishing line.

-pi-₂ Variant: -pu-. incorporated form 1. small uncooked animal. See: -piyantili-; -piyawurlingi-; -piyonti-. ngamp-atu-wurtu-pu-nyayi wuninga we find the marks of the possum (in the morning).

-pi-₃ Variant: -pu-. incorporated form 1. trouble. Pilikama ji-pi-kunawurru-mi? Why are you crying (from what trouble)?

-pi-₄ Variant: -pu-. incorporated form 1. sleep. See: -wungilimpangi-; -piyapunya, -piyangurlimayi, -piyinti. See: -wungilimpangi-; -piyapunya, -piyangurlimayi, -piyinti. See: -wungilimpangi-; -piyapunya, -piyangurlimayi, -piyinti.

-piyapunya go back to sleep. a-ri-pi-y-apunya piyani he goes back to sleep.

-piyinti float, hover. Morph: ‑pi‑'sleep' +‑inti 'stand'. jamparrika ampi-jingi-piyinti The Frigate Bird is hovering. Nayi miputi a-wujingi-piyiti kangi winga. The fish is floating in the sea.

-pi-₅ Variant: -pu-. incorporated form 1. ground. Gram: takes connective ngi - before class 1 verbs stems and Incorporated forms and ng - before class 3. a-ri-pi-y-aji-manguwu there are puddles on the ground.

pijara noun. 1 • eye. Syn: minkika, tupurra, miliyika, japaluka; -kili, -akirli-. Category: Body parts and products.

2 • bullet. See: -kipi-. Ngiya ngurru-wuriyi kularlaga, api ngi-ri-marruriyi jurruwarli yukurri pijara. I went hunting and took a gun and four bullets. Category: Introduced items, Weapons (including for hunting).

3 • matchstick.

4 • coins.

pijarakimi noun. glasses, spectacles. Morph: pijara 'eye' +‑kimi ’for purpose of’. See: pajuma. Note: Photo used with permission Category: Introduced items, Sickness or injury and healing.

pijarama feminine noun. female with big eyes or staring eyes.Masculine: pijaramini. Plural: pijaramuwi. See: kirluwutingini; kirlirini. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pijaramini masculine noun. male with big eyes or staring eyes.Feminine: pijarama. Plural: pijaramuwi. See: kirluwutingini; kirlirini. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pijaringa free form verb. Gram: Old Tiwi: + indirect object prefix stare at, look someone in eye, catch someone's eye. Syn: kirliriga. See: kirlirini; -akurluwunyi; -ipiti; -umani; -akurlupuwunyi; -upuji; -apuji; -wiya; -imiya; -angurupunya -wujirra; -kilurumi; -alimwanjigi; -anyiki; -kilarrapugi; -apu-; -akirli-; -kili-. Nuwa pijaringa ngimpu-ngi-rr-upujinga-nga. You stare at me while I am talking. Pijaringa amp-a-ri - nga api ngarratuwu awarra ngini kumangari amimi, api karluwu atakurluwunyi. He tries to catch his eye, but the one who's avoiding his eye won't look at him. Category: Body functions or actions, Senses.

pijatinga See main entry: pirtajinga. feminine noun. boil.

-pijawirra intransitive verb root 1. continue storytelling, join up (parts of story), connect. Gram: May have -wa- ’words’ See: -pijawiya. ngi-yi-wa-pijawirra-mami I'm starting to continue with what I told you before. Ngu-wuni-ri-pijawirra ngirramini. We continue with telling stories. Category: Talking or thinking.

-pijawiya Variant: fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: -pitawiya; -pirtawiya. feminine verb root 1. fix up, mend, sew. Gram: There are a number of variations of the root of this verb. The p is probably the incorporated form -pi- 'long thing thin', referring to the twine used in the sewing, occurring on the stems -wurtawiya or -wijawiya. Syn: -wurtawiya. See: -pijawirra; -ilipijawiya. pi-ri-pijawiya they sewed something. Ngawa nga-ri-kirimi yangamini kangi yirriputara, kiyi nga-ri-pirtawiya. We make holes along the open ends and sew them together. Category: Working, Change of position or state.

-pijigi transitive verb root 1. crush, mash, smash, pound, plough or break up (ground). See: pijirimiga; -piyalingigi; -puwuta; pwamiga. pi-ri-pijigi they crushed it. Ngarra yi-pijigi yaringa arrikirninga amintiya tunuwuni turtiyangini ninkiyi, kukuni yi-ni-ri-marri. Yi-p-angumurtigi kangi arrikirninga wuta yaringa, amintiya turtiyangini tunuwuni. He smashed up the red and yellow ochre and then the black and white. Then he fetched water. He poured it onto the yellow, red, and black and white ochres. Category: Violence or impact, Cutting or breaking or tearing.

pijikiti Variant: pijukuti. From: English. masculine noun. biscuit. Category: Food and cooking, Introduced food.

-pijingirrawa transitive verb root 1. put innards of mangrove worms (or honey) on shoulders. mainly on children - to make them grow fat and not get sick; used also be done to men at kurlama before they first sang - to give them a big body (only mangrove worms). Syn: -piyapuka. nga-wuni-pijingirrawa we put mangrove worm juice on their shoulders. puripijingirraw-amiya-mini they used to spread mangrove worm innards their shoulders. Category: Body functions or actions, Traditional religion, Beliefs.

pijipiji Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. masculine noun. fish. Syn: fe Þ Old_Tiwi: miputi, fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: muputi. Category: Fish.

pijirayita From: English. feminine noun. refrigerator, fridge. Syn: yirriwinikimi, piriji. Category: Introduced items.

pijirimiga Variant: fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pijumunga; pijurumunga. free form verb. smash (to a pulp). See: pwamiga; -piyalingigi; -puwuta; -pijigi. Ninkiyi angatawa kurrijuwa, kiyi waya pijumunga a-wu-ji-kirimi awinyirra arlapanjiya. Then with his axe he smashes up the banyan tree (branches). Category: Violence or impact, Cutting or breaking or tearing.

pijitinga Variant: pinjitinga; pijitingini. feminine noun. Ironwood tree. Erythrophleum chlorostachys. This plant has special totemic significance for some Tiwi people. People put the leaves on ashes to produce smoke which they use to cleanse areas after the pukumani funeral ceremony. People place young babies in the smoke from the leaves to make them strong and healthy. they used to get the inner red bark, dry it in the sun and then boil it in water and use the liquid as a medicine for skin sores. Anth: People would use the hard wood to make clap-sticks, fighting sticks and axe handles and the dry logs to make pukumani poles and ornamental carvings. Syn: kartukuni, tumpurama. Read: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p46. Category: Plants, Trees.

pijiwaya Variant: pijuwaya. Usage: Modern Tiwi. From: English: fish wire. noun. three-pronged spear. Syn: jalikaraji. Note: Picture from 'Ngawurranungurumagi Nginingawila Ngapangiraga: Tiwi-English Dictionary' and Photo by Jennifer Lee See: arati; arawinikiri; jukwarliti; jurroringa; kayartirri; kulinjila; kurninjila; kutinikarri; miputikimi mungarlaka; murrukuwunga; numwariyaka; numwariyani; nurningini; nyingitinga; pijiwaya; pingawini tilipiringa; tongontilawu; tortinga; walanka; wulingaringa; yirrinkirliyati; -ingwarlimi-; -kipi- -pwatijingi-; -wumurtiji-. Category: Weapons (including for hunting), Tools or utensils.

pijuka See main entry: pijukwa. predicative. dying of thirst, dead.

pijukayinga See main entry: pijukwayinga. feminine noun. widow.

pijukayini See main entry: pijukwayini. masculine noun. widower.

pijukayuwi See main entry: pijukayuwi. plural noun. widows, widowers.

pijuki See main entry: pujuki. predicative. thirsty.

pijukuti See main entry: pijikiti. noun.

pijukwa Variant: pijuka. predicative. thirsty, dying of thirst, dead. Syn: arntingi. See: pajungwani; pujuki. Ngiya pijukwa kukuni ngirima. She is dying of thirst. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pijukwaya free form verb. become widow(er). Category: Being.

-pijukwaya intransitive verb root 1. 1 • sing about dead person. pi-ri-pijukwaya they sang about a dead person. Ngarra yi-pijukwaya karri ngarra-purnayinga jimirrarami. He sang when his wife died.. Category: Music, Traditional religion.

2 • for dog to wag tail. Ngarra pulangumwani yi-pijukwaya nginingatawa tuwara karri yu-wunyayi nginingatawa arimajila. The dog wagged his tail when he found his master. Category: Body functions or actions.

pijukwayinga Variant: pijukayinga; pajukwayinga; pajukayinga. feminine noun. widow.Masculine: pijukwayini. Plural: pijukwayuwi. Syn: amparruwu, piyinga. See: pijukwaya. Category: People, Human status.

pijukwayini Variant: pijukayini; pajukwayini; pajukayini. masculine noun. widower.Feminine: pijukwayinga. Plural: pijukwayuwi. Syn: amparruwu, piyini. See: pijukwaya. Category: People, Human status.

pijukwayuwi Variant: pijukayuwi; pajukwayuwi; pajukayuwi. plural noun. widows, widowers.Masculine: pijukwayini. Feminine: pijukwayinga. Syn: amparruwi, papiyuwi. See: pijukwaya. Category: People, Human status.

pijumunga See main entry: pijirimiga.

pijupi See main entry: pijupwi. masculine noun. bishop.

pijupwi Variant: pijupi. From: English. masculine noun. bishop. Category: People, Christian religion.

pijurumunga See main entry: pijirimiga.

pijuruwupirninga See main entry: pipijuruwupirninga. feminine noun. Kapok bush.

-pijuwa intransitive verb root 1. note something, make note of something; mark tree (by removing some bark). such as for indicating a place as good for campsite or whatever. Syn: -wanjigi. pi-ri-pijuwa they marked a tree. pi-rri-p-urranyu-pijuwa they made a note of the place. Kiyi ngarra jiyi-pijuwa awinyirra purinjirringa kangi yingwati yi-muwu. Then he marked the tree where the honey was. Category: Hunting or fishing, Change of position or state.

pijuwalinga feminine adjective. good, nice, lovely, beautiful female.Masculine: pijuwalini. Plural: pijuwaluwi. Syn: mijuwalinga. See: pumpuka; puranji. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Non-physical qualities. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Non-physical qualities.

pijuwalinga kalajarri female who hears well. Lit: good ears. See: yipungintupuranji; jipungintupuranji; yiminipapurajuwi.

pijuwalini masculine adjective. good, nice, lovely male.Feminine: pijuwalinga. Plural: pijuwaluwi. Syn: mijuwalini. See: pumpuni; puranji. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Non-physical qualities. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Non-physical qualities.

pijuwalini kalajarri male who hears well. Lit: good ears. See: yipungintupuranji; jipungintupuranji; yiminipapurajuwi. Category: Body functions or actions, Describing people or animals, Physical qualities.

pijuwaluwi plural adjective. good, nice, lovely or beautiful people.Masculine: pijuwalini. Feminine: pijuwalinga. Syn: mijuwaluwi. See: pumpuwi; puranji; papuranjuwi. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Non-physical qualities. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Non-physical qualities.

pijuwaluwi kalajarri people who hear well. Lit: good ears. See: yipungintupuranji; jipungintupuranji; yiminipapurajuwi.

-pijuwari Variant: -pijuwarri. transitive verb root 1. remove bark from tree, trim and shape wood, plane wood. See: -pijuwa. pi-ri-pijuwari they removed bark from a tree. Pakinya ngarra yi-pijuwari kangi nyirra pitapita, awinyirra purinjirringa. First he removed the bark from the middle of the log. Note: Photo by Marie Godfrey Category: Cutting or breaking or tearing.

pijuwaya See main entry: pijiwaya.

pika feminine noun. horse.Masculine: pikini. Plural: pikuwi. Syn: jarra₂, partitapartita, nantuwu, parriwiyi. See: mipuli; pwangilontingini. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Introduced animals.

pikaji masculine noun. shovel-nosed shark or ray. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p110 Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Fish.

pikaringa See main entry: punkaringa. feminine noun. paperbark, paperbark tree.

pikaringini See main entry: punkaringini. masculine noun. small paperbark tree; book or paper; church or mass, week.

pikartarrini See main entry: pakatarrini. masculine noun. playing card(s), pack of cards.

pikarti See main entry: punkarti.

-pikilarrapugi See main entry: -punkilarrapugi. transitive verb root 1. hit in eye.

pikilijipa Variant: pukilijipa; pukulijupa. feminine noun. Stilt root mangrove tree. Rhizophora apiculate. People may bend the thin aerial roots to form ceremonial armbands, pamajini. People take the part which sticks out (hypocotyl), jarripilima or fv: karampalinga, and boil it in water and use the liquid as a wash to treat skin sores. Syn: pirirringa. See: pukilijipini. Read: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p75. Category: Plants, Trees.

pikimapi Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. free form verb. Gram: May have Auxiliary verb with root: -mi pick up. See: -miji. Karri ngiyilimani yu-wuni mutika, kiyi pikimapi yimi ngiya kapi jarrumwaka. When my uncle had a car he picked me up along the road. Category: Holding or transfer.

pikini masculine noun. male horse.Feminine: pika. Plural: pikuwi. See: nantuwu; parriwiyi; partitapartita; jarra; pwangilotungini. Category: Animals, Introduced animals.

pikipiki From: English. noun. pig. Syn: rawaturrunga, yirrimilirrani. See: pwangilontingini.Plural: pikipikuwi. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Animals, Introduced animals.

pikipikuwi noun. pigs.Singular: pikipiki. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Introduced animals.

pikirrakiningigi See main entry: ampukirrakiningi. feminine noun. barge.

pikuti Usage: Archaic fe( old Old Tiwi ). noun. excrement, faeces. Syn: kinyirri. See: malariti; toyilit.

pikuwi plural noun. horses.Masculine: pikini. Feminine: pika. See: pwangilotunguwi. Category: Animals, Introduced animals.

-pila Variant: -pula; -wila; -ila; -wula. nominal suffix. belonging to a place. See: mirripakiyangipila; makatingiyangipila; wartiyangipila.

pilakiji From: English. plural noun. blackies, black girls, Tiwi women. name given to girls in dormitory at Nguiu. Category: People, Human stages.

pilaminga See main entry: pirlaminga. feminine noun. billy goat plum.

pilamunga See main entry: pirlaminga. feminine noun. Wild Plum tree.

pilarrimigi Usage: Archaic ( old Old Tiwi ). noun. stone. sometimes used to sharpen axe. Syn: waranga. Category: Land or ground.

pili conjunction. because, as, since, for that reason, Modern Tiwi: so that. Ngajiti nyimp-a-j-akirruwa awarra yinkiti pili ngawa pariwani. Don't waste that food because we are hungry. Ngarra kalikali yu-wa-ri-m-ani ngini papi a-ma-ri-pa-ami, api karluwu, pili jurrumumi yi-ni-ri-m-ani awarra yikwani. He ran to try and get out but he couldn't because the fire was burning. Modern Tiwi: Ngiya ngump-akilingimugi wulijinga pili wuta kakirijuwi karluwu wunga. I hang the billycan up so the children can't get it. Category: Particles or conjunctions or clitics. Category: Particles or conjunctions or clitics.

pili ngini in order to, so that.

pili ngini in order to, so that. Nuwa kapi papurungantuwi nyi-rra-majirripi-jarra amintiya kularlaga nyi-rra-mi, pili ngini kirijini ngini apalamiya yilaruwu amukuta kirijinga amp-akijiti yilaruwu. You who are pregnant sometimes lie down and sometimes walk around so that the little boy or girl inside you will float properly. Category: Particles or conjunctions or clitics.

-piliga Variant: -puliga. intransitive verb root 1. teach. Syn: -mingirripiliga, -ajipiliga, -mingirrajipiliga, -waluwa, -wayakirayi, tijimi. Gram: The differences between these various roots and stems are not clear, without further study. See: -kirripiliga; -imungitiga; -ajilipiliga; -murripiliga. Wutatuwu yingwampa wumpu-ri-piliga ngini awinyirra jarrumwaka wu-ri-kirimi, pupuka amintiya tuwulimiya wu-ri-kirimi awinyirra jarrumwaka. Some of them teach how to make roads. They make them good and straight. Note: Photo from Jennifer Lee Category: Talking or thinking.

pilikama interrogative word. why?, what for? Morph: pili 'because' + kama 'why?'. Gram: normally used on its own whereas kama is used to introduce a sentence. 'Ngiyatuwu 20 aga' ampirimi awinyirra tinga, api 'Pilikama?' ampirimi awinyirra nyonga. 'Marri nginja ninganuwanga ngiya puki,' ampirimi. 'Give me 20!' says that woman. So 'Why?' says the other. 'Well you still owe me,' she says. Category: Interrogatives.

pilikirri See main entry: pirlinkiti. free form verb. cry, weep, wail.

pilikiti See main entry: pirlinkiti. free form verb. cry, weep, wail.

pilima See main entry: pirlima. locative word. part way.

pilimap Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. free form verb. Gram: May have Auxiliary verb with root: -mi fill up. Category: Change of position or state.

piliminga See main entry: pilimunga. feminine noun. big road, wide track or path, way.

pilimini₁ masculine noun. small or narrow road, track, path, jetty or causeway. Syn: jarrumwani. See: pilimunga; jarrumwaka. Note: Photo by Tom Curtis (www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/view photog.php?photogid=178) and (2) by Joy Naden Category: Land or ground.

pilimini₂ breastbone. Syn: maripipwaja, maripilimuna, maripunumunya. See: -maripi- (incorporated form). Category: Body parts and products.

pilimunga Variant: piliminga. feminine noun. big road, wide track or path, way. may be used in a figurative sense to mean 'way of life' as in 'good way' versus 'bad way' (but not as commonly as jarrumwaka). Syn: jarrumwaka, jarrumawunga. See: pilimini; jarrumwani. Waya awungarruwu yuwuntiyarramini tayikuwapi ngini manya pupuka piliminga pimatapunya. There he would tell everyone to follow the good way. Note: Photo (1) by friend of Jennifer Lee, used with permission and (2) by Joy Naden Category: Land or ground.

-pilingi intransitive verb root 1. Gram: + indirect object prefix cheer for someone. Yingwampa pu-rupu-ki-piling-ani some cheered for them in the evening. Category: Talking or thinking, Playing.

-pilingirri intransitive verb root 1. take turns. Nyirratuwu ampirimi, "Wanga marri nginjilatuwu jarra pili ngiyatuwu waya pirringawini," ampirimi. "Muwurrapilingirri. Niyi kama ngilawala yimpaja ngumawunjirramurrumi?" She says, "You should take a turn for I'm tired," she says. We should take turns at the job. Why should I always be working? Category: Change of position or state.

pilingwarra feminine noun. species of whelk. See: tukwarirrukwa; piranga. Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Shellfish.

pilinkilayini masculine noun. youth at third stage of initiation. Category: Initiation stages.

pilinkiti See main entry: pirlinkiti. free form verb. cry, weep, wail.

pilipilingini See main entry: pirlipirlingini. masculine noun. Black-shouldered Kite.

piliwini feminine noun. oyster. Saccostrea echinata. Syn: mirninguwuni. See: piliwunga; arrayi. Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Shellfish, Food and cooking, Traditional food.

piliwunga feminine noun. large oyster. Saccostrea echinata. not found around the shore. Syn: arrayi. See: piliwini; mirninguwuni. Note: Picture by artist at Murripurtiyanuwu Catholic School, photo (1) by Marie Godfrey and (2) from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p126 Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Shellfish, Food and cooking, Traditional food.

Piliyakirrapingi Variant: Piliyakirrapungi. masculine noun. name of a place - third creek near old Gabriel garden. See: timanamini. Category: Environment.

Piliyakirrapungi See main entry: Piliyakirrapingi. masculine noun. name of a place - third creek near old Gabriel garden.

Piluntiwila Variant: Puluntiwila. plural noun. N.E. Bathurst regional group. Syn: minkuwila. Category: Regional groups.

-piluwa Variant: -puluwa. verb root 1. tidy up; place or put neatly; organise; level something, such as levelling ground for sleeping on. Syn: -pipiluwa. See: -piyanginiga. piripiluwa they placed something neatly. Ngiya ngi-ri-puluwa nginingilawa yinkiti kangi tayipuli. I tidied my things on the table. Category: Change of position or state.

-piluwamugi Variant: -puluwamugi. transitive verb root 1. stack up, heap. Syn: jilikari fe Þ or karruwuluga -kirimi. See: -awunapugi. pi-ri-piluwamugi they stacked it up. Category: Change of position or state.

piluwarlinga feminine noun. ancestress, old woman.Masculine: piluwarti. Syn: parlika, pirrimaringa. See: yinjula; wulikimaka; wulimaka; tipatirringimawu; yinkurlinga. Category: People, Human stages.

piluwarti masculine noun. ancestor, old man.Feminine: piluwarlinga. Syn: parlini, pirrimarti. See: yirrula; wulikimani; wulimani; yinkurti. Note: Picture by Judy Knowles, SIL artist Category: People, Human stages.

pima feminine noun. Bush Stone Curlew, Bush Thick Knee. Burhinus grallarius. wife of Purrukuparli in Tiwi legend. Syn: wayayi, pungalimakuntirri. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p92 Category: Birds, Beliefs.

-pimagi verb root 1. hit something with a missile. See: -akitiringa; -piyakitiringa; -wurtinyawu; -wunyawu; -payi; miya; yurta. pi-ri-pimagi they threw something and hit him. Ngarra yi-mini-pimagi kangi nguwana api purli ngiripi. He threw something and hit me on the leg and I was hurt from that. Category: Violence or impact.

-pimata transitive verb root 1. 1 • set course for, set out for. See: -ukularri; -amarnipagi; -akirarriji. pi-ri-pimata they set out for somewhere. Category: Moving.

2 • guess (correctly), suspect, say right word or name. pi-ri-pimata they guessed (correctly). Ngarra yi-pimata awarra ngirramini ngini ngarra-mantani yi-p-angiraga. He guessed the word that his friend asked him. Category: Talking or thinking.

pimirntiki Variant: pimirtiki; pimitiki; pumurntiki. masculine noun. 1 • Sulphur-crested Cockatoo. Syn: yikiyikini, yinkaka, pipingilirri. See: ngaringa. Note: Photo from Sheba Also’s photostream Category: Birds.

2 • feather headdress. made from White Cockatoo feathers attached to stick or bone using beeswax. Syn: palampalini, pawuraji. See: japalingini; arntumwari; kurupurraka; ngaringa; pwalatinga.. Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p60. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Traditional religion, Ceremonial objects.

pimirtiki See main entry: pimirntiki. masculine noun. headdress.

pimitiki See main entry: pimirntiki. feather.headdress.

pimpunga₁ feminine noun. cottonwood tree; Kapok tree. Bombax Ceiba. Syn: tunkuwanya, wilika. Note: Photos from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p29 Category: Plants, Trees.

pimpunga₂ feminine noun. grub found on trees in bush. See: yatukuwani; tumukuka; timirankini; timiranka. Category: Insects and spiders.

pimuwurrantinga masculine noun. Woollybutt tree. Eucalyptus miniata. Syn: pungimitiyarri, timirraringa, mantiyurlaka. See: mantiyulani. Note: Photos from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p49 Category: Plants, Trees.

pinati From: English. noun. peanut. See: wurranyini. Category: Introduced food.

pingaringawarna See main entry: pungaringawarna. masculine noun. dirt or stone cliff.

pingawini masculine noun. long thin spear with small barbs. for fighting. See: arati; arawinikiri; jalikaraji; jukwarliti; jurroringa; kayartirri; kulinjila; kurninjila; kutinikarri; miputikimi mungarlaka; murrukuwunga; numwariyaka; numwariyani; nurningini; nyingitinga; pijiwaya; tilipiringa tongontilawu; tortinga; walanka; wulingaringa; yirrinkirliyati; -ingwarlimi-; -kipi-; -pwatijingi- -wumurtiji-. Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p63. Category: Weapons (including for hunting).

pingininginta See main entry: punginingita. numeral. five.

pinginingita See main entry: punginingita. numeral. five.

pingipirni adjective. fat, big. of tail of wallaby, crocodile, dugong, stingray. See: yirrimanga; purnikapawamini; murlikinyini. Category: Physical qualities, Size.

pingiringawarna See main entry: pungaringawarna. masculine noun. dirt or stone cliff.

-pingirraga See main entry: -pungirraga. transitive verb root 1. hit on head.

-pingitayi See main entry: -pungintayi. transitive verb root 1. 1 • think about.

2 • decide on.

pinij See main entry: piniji. free form verb. finish.

piniji Variant: pinij; finiji; finij. Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. free form verb. finish. Category: Change of position or state.

pinika From: English. noun. vinegar. Category: Introduced food.

-piningi- Variant: -pini-. incorporated form 1. work. Syn: -ingipiningi-, -kirintirrayi-, -majamurninga-, -pirntirra-. Ques: I am not sure of the differences between these various incorporated forms and their uses. See: -aputi-; -amurrumi; -ilapwarrigi. pi-ji-ngi-ki-piningi-paya-mami they were about to finish work. muwa ngwiyi mu-piningi-nyayi we'll find work later. Ngawiyati nginti-mirri-piningi-ma-mini kunukuliwi. We adults used to work together for her.

-piningijigi Variant: -pinginijigi. intransitive verb root 1. knead dough. See: -wuninginjigi. pi-ri-piningijigi they kneaded (bread or damper). Karri ngawa ngarikirimi pamantarri api ngawa ngapamurtigi kukuni kapi kanijawa api ngaripiningijigi pamantarri. When we make damper we pour the water into the flour and then we knead the damper. Note: Photo by Marie Godfrey Category: Food and cooking.

pininkunga See main entry: pirnikinga. feminine noun. type of catfish.

pinirili From: English. noun. funeral. Kiyi, pinirili nga-wuriyi, ngatawa a-ripu-rr-akiriparri ngini karri yoyi wurimi. Then he goes to the funeral and claps for them when they dance. Category: Traditional religion, Ceremonies, Christian religion.

pinjawini See main entry: pinyawini. masculine noun. 1 • red bush apple (tree).

2 • part-Aboriginal man, mixed-race man.

pinjawuni See main entry: pinyawini. masculine noun. 1 • red bush apple (tree).

2 • part-Aboriginal man, mixed-race man.

pinjili From: English. masculine noun. pencil, pen. See: marlipinyini. Category: Introduced items.

pinjitinga See main entry: pijitinga. Ironwood.

pinjoma Variant: pinjomwa. feminine noun. Barn Owl. Tyto alba. and other species of white-faced owl; now also used as a general term. Anth: nyirra-purnayi purrikikini 'her husband is the purrikikini owl'. See: jurrukukuni; kurlamikimi; jupurtumpuni; kuwiyini; purrikikini; alawuntawini; arlantirrikini. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p100 Category: Birds, Owls.

pinkaringa See main entry: punkaringa. feminine noun. paperbark, paperbark tree.

pinkaringini See main entry: punkaringini. masculine noun. small paperbark tree; book or paper; church or mass, week.

pintampunga See main entry: pitampunga. feminine noun. Ghost Gum.

pintinga See main entry: puntunga. feminine noun. catfish.

pinyama feminine noun. wild or bush apple (tree). Syzgium eucalyptoides. growing in the sand hills, pink and white edible fruit, fruits between October and April. See: pinyawini. Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p45. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p83 Category: Plants, Trees, Plant parts, Food and cooking, Traditional food.

pinyamuwi plural noun. part Aboriginal people, mixed-race people. Syn: pinyawuwi. Category: People, Human status.

pinyawini Variant: pinjawini. masculine noun. 1 • red bush apple (tree). Syzygium suborbiculare. grows in bush, fruit not good for eating as it causes face to swell. See: pinyama. Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p45; ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p83. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p83 Category: Plants, Trees, Food and cooking.

2 • part-Aboriginal man, mixed-race man.Feminine: pinyawunga. Plural: pinyawuwi. Syn: mwanari. Category: People, Human status.

pinyawunga feminine noun. part-Aboriginal woman, mixed-race woman.Masculine: pinyawini. Plural: pinyawuwi. See: mwanari. Category: People, Human status.

pinyawuwi plural noun. part-Aboriginal people, mixed-race people.Masculine: pinyawini. Feminine: pinyawunga. Syn: pinyamuwi. See: mwanari. Category: People, Human status.

pinyika See main entry: punyika. feminine noun. Cuckoo Shrike.

pinyiwini Variant: punyuwini. kinship noun. wife's mother's brother, man's sister's daughter's husband; Anth: Term of address (when talking to the person) and term of reference (when talking about the person); man with whom one exchanges sisters, daughters. Anth: Reciprocal terms (people in this relationship call each other by the same word). See: pinyuwa. Category: Kin terms.

-pinyuwa kinship noun. woman's son-in-law (daughter's husband), woman's sister's daughter's husband, uncle (mother's sister's husband (if of different skin group). Anth: Term of address (when talking to the person) and term of reference (when talking about the person)Plural: -pinyuwuwi. Anth: Reciprocal terms (people in this relationship call each other by the same word). See: ngimpinyuwa; pinyiwini; ngirinyuwa. Category: Kin terms.

pinyuwuwi kinship noun. woman's sons-in-law (daughter's husbands, sister's daughter's husbands), mother's sister's husbands (if of different skin group), in-laws.Singular: pinyuwa. See: pinyiwini. Category: Kin terms.

pipa See main entry: pipwa. noun. chest.

pipajumwalintiya Usage: Archaic ( old Old Tiwi ). feminine noun. female wallaby. See: arlitiwiyi; yirripurliwiyi; awumpini; awumpunga; anjorra; jajurrukwa; jipwajirringa; jirraka; jiwirringa kantakiji; pwajimwalintiya; -marrikujingi-; -wingiliwanji-; -piyonti-; -wuliyonji-. Note: Picture from disk - 27 500 Vector Clip art - Australian - Kangaroo & Joey Category: Animals, Mammals, Wallabies.

piparanyini masculine noun. Osprey. Pandion haliaetus. Syn: purruti, nguntirrini. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p101 Category: Birds, Birds of prey.

pipawuninka feminine noun. Jabiru. Xenorhynchus asiaticus. Syn: arntongi, jipiyontongi. See: wirnimpinga. Note: Picture from 'Ngawurranungurumagi Nginingawila Ngapangiraga: Tiwi-English Dictionary' Note: Photo by Ian Morris from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p104 Category: Birds, Water birds.

pipijirraringa feminine noun. Azure Kingfisher. Ceyx azureua or Alcedo azureus. Syn: pangulanjuma. See: payampuna. Note: Photo from 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p32 Category: Birds.

pipijuruwupirninga Variant: pipijuruwupirnunga; pijuruwupirninga. feminine noun. Kapok bush. Cochlospermum fraseri, Cochlospermum gillivraei. It has yellow flowers and woody pods which split to release mass of cotton wool. The fibre in the pods can be used for sewing cotton. People sometimes take sticks from the tree and make them into brushes (fv:marlipinyini) for dipping into sugarbag for yingwati 'bush honey' from beehives in hollow trees or trunks. See: tunkuwanya; pimpunga; wilika. Read: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p39. Category: Plants, Trees.

pipijuruwupirnunga See main entry: pipijuruwupirninga. feminine noun. Kapok bush.

-pipiliwamugi Variant: -pipiluwamugi. transitive verb root 1. stack up, heap up, make heap. Morph: ‑pi‑+‑piluwa 'tidy up' +‑amigi 'cause'. Ques: It is not clear what the -pi- refers to in this case. Syn: jilikari fe Þ or karruwuluga -kirimi. Category: Change of position or state.

-pipiluwa Variant: fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: -puluwa. intransitive verb root 1. place neatly,tidy up, level. Syn: -piluwa. Category: Change of position or state.

-pipiluwamugi See main entry: pipiliwamugi. transitive verb root 1. make heap, stack up.

pipingilirri Variant: pipungilirri; pupungilirri. masculine noun. Sulphur-crested Cockatoo (male). Cacatua galerita. Syn: yikiyikini, yinkaka, pimirntiki. Note: Photo from Sheba Also’s photostream Category: Birds.

pipiratinga feminine noun. type of fish. Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Fish.

pipirrakupuringa noun. tray, plate, dish. Syn: pajawayi. See: wurika; wurlirrika. Category: Introduced items, Tools or utensils.

pipirriwini Variant: pipurruwini. masculine noun. 1 • dragonfly. Note: Picture by artist at Murripurtiyanuwu Catholic School Category: Insects and spiders.

2 • helicopter. Syn: alikopurra. Note: Photo from Ykanazawan1999’s photostream (4,581) Category: Transport, Introduced items.

pipungilirri See main entry: pipingilirri. masculine noun. Sulphur-crested Cockatoo (male).

pipurruwini See main entry: pipirriwini. masculine noun. dragonfly.

pipwa Variant: pipa. noun. chest. Syn: maripirampa, tawunaluwa. Note: Picture by artist at Murripurtiyanuwu Catholic School Category: Body parts and products.

-pira See main entry: -wupira. intransitive verb root 3. for something to drift.

pirajuwi From: English. plural noun. brothers (religious). Category: People, Human status, Christian religion.

pirama From: English: Brahmin. feminine noun. cow. Syn: jarranga, ampuwu, kuntiyaka. See: pwangilotunginga; pulika. Note: Photo by Julie A. Wenskoski - http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/view photog.php?photogid=73 Category: Animals, Introduced animals.

piranga feminine noun. Mud Whelk, Long Bum. Telescopium telescopium. People can normally find these in the mangroves. They eat them raw or maybe cook them on hot coals and then eat them. When piranga are cooked the outer edges of the flesh turns bright green, and if people eat too many they may get diarrhoea. The flesh has lots of iron, which is good for making the blood strong. See: pilingwarra; tukwarirrukwa. Read: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p124. Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Shellfish, Food and cooking, Traditional food.

-pirati intransitive verb root 1. be smooth, slippery. wuta awarra pi-ri-kiri-pirati they let that slip from their hands. Category: Change of position or state, Describing things.

-piratigi intransitive verb root 1. smooth, plane (as wood). pi-ri-piratigi they smoothed something. Ngarra ji-piratigi awinyirra numwariyaka He smoothed the spear. Ngarra waya a-wuji-ngi-piratigi kangi nyirra kulanjigi. He is smoothing along the inside (of the canoe). Category: Cutting or breaking or tearing.

piraya Variant: pirayawu. predicative. lucky, happy. See: kukunari; miringayi. Category: Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pirayawu predicative. lucky. Morph: piraya 'lucky' +‑awu 'oh!'. Ngiya pirayuwu nginingilawa yinkiti. I'm lucky (because I have) food. Category: Describing people or animals.

pirayi From: English. free form verb. pray. Category: Talking or thinking.

pirayimani From: English: prayer man. masculine noun. school boy. See: jukurlipuwayuwi. Category: People, Human stages.

piriji From: English. noun. refrigerator, fridge. Syn: pijirayita, yirriwinikimi. Category: Introduced items.

pirijuwi From: English. plural noun. priests. Category: People, Human status, Christian religion.

pirika feminine noun. parrot fish, tusk fish. Scarus spp., Choerodon cyanotus. People can eat it. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p108 Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Fish.

pirikilima noun. coat of mail shell. Syn: miyurti. Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Shellfish.

pirikilimira See main entry: ampirikilimira. feminine noun. periwinkle, top shell.

pirikirlimira See main entry: ampirikirlimira. feminine noun. periwinkle, top shell.

pirimajirripuwa Usage: Archaic ( old Old Tiwi ). noun. coconut (tree). Ques: This is a verbal form but it is uncertain what the derivation is. Syn: arlipwa. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Plants, Palms.

pirimaruka See main entry: pirimaruwuka. feminine noun. pregnant woman or animal.

pirimaruwuka Variant: purumaruwuka; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pirimaruka. feminine noun. pregnant woman or animal. about 5-6 months. See: papurunganta; -marrawurri-; -majanyuwunji-; -marrawurringa; -majangurrari. Category: People, Human status.

pirimatimurri plural noun. short people.Masculine: yimatimurri. Feminine: jiyimatimurri. See: yimatimurringipi; karuwuwi. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pirimi intransitive verb. they did, they said, they were. Morph: pi‑'they (PAST)' +‑mi 'do, say, be'. Gram: It is used as an auxiliary verb with most free form verbs, in the quote formula of direct speech and in a few expressions where is seems to mean 'they were'. See: yimi; jiyimi. Karri pi-ri-maji-rr-apurti maringarruwu, api kutupi pirimi kapi murrakupupuni. When they got to the other side (of the lake), they jumped out onto the land. Yuwurrara pu-rru-wuriyi mamirnikuwi, kukuni pi-ri-mangapa, "Nginta wanga kirririka, winga,' pirimi. Two women went to drink water. "Look the sea is salty," they said. Kuta maka pirimi, awuta kakirijuwi. I don't know where the children are.

piringapa predicative. flash or smart of appearance. Awarra yi-kuripiya angi piringapa. The man wore flash clothes. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

piringimi Variant: pringim. Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. free form verb. Gram: May have Auxiliary verb wirh root: -mi bring. See: -marruriyi fe Þ +_direction_prefix_or_suffix. Murruntawi kapi wuta tangarima karrampi murrakupuni, wuta wu-nu-riyi awungarra nguiu, Milikpaiti amintiya Pularampi. Karri wuta wu-nu-riyi awuta murruntawi wuta piringimi wurimi yingarti wurrupiya pili wuta payi wurimi kilawuji, pukumani poli amintiya mintawunga. White people who live in far away places come here to Nguiu, Milkapiti and Pularumpi. When those white people come they bring lots of money to buy clothes, pukumani poles and bark (paintings). Category: Holding or transfer.

piripunguluwirri See main entry: purupunguluwurri. feminine noun. motor vehicle, car, truck.

piripunguluwurri See main entry: purupunguluwurri. feminine noun. motor vehicle, car, truck.

pirirringa Variant: purirringa; piriyarringa. feminine noun. mangrove tree. People may bend the thin aerial roots to form ceremonial armbands, pamajini. People take the part which sticks out (hypocotyl), jarripilima or fv: karampalinga, and boil it in water and use the liquid as a wash to treat skin sores.Plural: pirirringuwi. Syn: pikilijipa. See: pukilijipini. Read: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p75. Category: Plants, Trees.

pirirringuwi See main entry: pirirringa.

piriyarringa See main entry: pirirringa. feminine noun. mangrove tree.

pirlamara Variant: fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pulamara; pulamwara; pulamora. adverb. secretly, hiding what doing, quietly, peacefully. See: pwakumarra. Ngarra awarra ngawa-rringani wiyi arimuwu kangi nuwa punyipunyi api kiyi awarra nuwa pulamora ngimpirimuwu. Our Father will live in your minds so then you will live at peace. Category: Adverbs.

pirlamarri adverb. carelessly, without thinking or thought, ignorantly, by mistake, unaware, without knowing, nonchalantly. See: pirlamarrini; pirlamarringa; pirlamarruwi. Ngarra yu-wuriyi kapi kuluwaga. Api ngarra karluwu yi-rri-mungurumi ngini yirrikipayi awungarruwu. Ninkiyi pirlamarri jiyi-pirni natinga kirimpika. He went to the creek. But he didn't know that a crocodile lived there. Unaware (of that crocodile) he killed one crab. Karluwu yirnukuni yi-rri-ja-kirimi ngini jilamara yi-kirimi. Pirlamarri yi-kirimi. He didn't take a long time to paint. He did it carelessly. Category: Adverbs.

pirlamarringa feminine noun. mistaken, ignorant, unaware female.Masculine: pirlamarrini. Plural: pirlamarruwi. Syn: mungupirlamarringa, mayorlinga. See: pirlamarri. Category: Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pirlamarrini masculine noun. mistaken, ignorant, unaware male.Feminine: pirlamarringa. Plural: pirlamarruwi. Syn: mayorlini, mungupirlamarrini. See: pirlamarri. Category: Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pirlamarruwi plural noun. mistaken or stupid people.Masculine: pirlamarrini. Feminine: pirlamarringa. Syn: mungupirlamarruwi, mayorluwi. See: pirlamarri. Ngawa pirlamarruwi nginti-ri-majirripi japinamini, api awarra mitayini yi-p-awuriji kangawula kurrampali. We were asleep at night and a thief came into the house without us knowing. Pakinya ngimp-apinagi mamana nga-p-angurlimayi kiyi nga-p-akurluwunyi ngimini wuta pirlamarruwi wuji-ngi-muwu awuta nyarringaruwi. First we creep along, walking slowly, then we see some geese sitting there unaware of us so we shoot at those geese. Category: Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pirlaminga Variant: pirlamunga; pulaminga; pilamunga. feminine noun. Billy Goat Plum. Terminalia ferdinandiana. It has yellowish-green plums, which people eat raw. The sap is good for glue or paint. See: yankumwani. Note: Photo from 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p85 Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture context' by Teresa A. Ward p45. Category: Plants, Trees, Food and cooking, Traditional food.

pirlamunga See main entry: pirlaminga. feminine noun. billy goat plum.

pirlikiti See main entry: pirlinkiti. free form verb. cry, weep, wail.

pirlima Variant: pilima. locative word. part way, half-way, on the way (to destination). See: afwayi. Nginti-p-angulimayi kiyi yinkiti ngi-ri-pirni pirlima. We walked and then we killed game on the way. Ta-ma-j-umwari pirlima! Leave it part way! Category: Direction or location.

pirlinkiti Variant: pirlikiti; pilinkiti; pilikiti; fe Þ New_Tiwi: pilikirri. free form verb. cry, weep, wail. Syn: -kiruwa, -ukuntirri, -ikunawuwurrumwiyi. See: -ilani-; -ikunawurri-; -wutani-; kuwayi; kirayi. Ninkiyi awinyirra kirijinga pilikiti jiyi-mi kuriyuwu kapi taka, pili ngarra tayamini waya yi-nu-wuja yikitayi kapi purinjirringa. The little girl cried up in the tree because the dingo was now coming close to the tree. Note: Photo by Maggie Smith - http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/view photog.php?photogid=172 Category: Feeling, Body functions or actions. Category: Feeling, Body functions or actions. Category: Feeling, Body functions or actions. Category: Feeling, Body functions or actions.

pirlinkiti -mi ngini cry for someone who has died. Morph: pirlinkiti + verb with root:‑mi 'do' ngini 'for'.

pirlinkiti -mi kangi cry for someone who is still alive (such as sick). Morph: pirlinkiti 'cry' + verb with root:‑mi 'do' kangi 'for'.

pirlinkiti + verb with root: -wurtimi cry for a certain reason or from being reprimanded. Category: Feeling.

pirlipirlingini Variant: pilipilingini. masculine noun. Black-shouldered Kite. Elanus notatus. See: jankinanki; ngirrikati; kutulakini; yirrimiruwu; yimpirnika; jiringini; murtati; turtijuka; paparanyini. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p101 Category: Birds, Birds of prey.

pirlumataka Variant: pulimantaka; pulimataka. feminine noun. type of root, bush potato. Eriosema chinense, Ipomoea graminea. It is a small bush (about 60 cm high) with round roots red outside but white flesh which people can eat either raw or roasted. Syn: munkwarti, wakajini, pwati. See: roka; yirokwa; rokuni; jaliwaki; mayilinga; karrapini. Note: Picture by artist at Murripurtiyanuwu Catholic School Note: Photo from 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p62 Category: Plants, Plant parts, Traditional food.

-pirnamili- See main entry: -panamili-. incorporated form 1. chin, jaw, jawbone.

-pirni transitive verb root 1. 1 • hit, beat or kill someone. See: -kumwari; -kiri; -wayangirri; -wurtinyawu; wapimirra; -akitiringa; -piyakitiringa; -pimagi; -payi; miya yurta; -ingipiyonjingi-; -parrigi; -piyajapurnimaya; -akirruwa; -akularlipa; jurraga; -mungimili pajungwani. pi-ri-pirni they hit or killed him. a-wujingi-pirni he/she is hitting him. ampi-jingi-pirni he/she is hitting her. Ngarra yi-pirni ngarra-mantani api jana yipurrumi He beat up his friend so that he was really hurt. Note: Picture from AuSIL archives Category: Violence or impact.

2 • catch animal (as in hunting). api nyarringari nyi-ta-pirn-amiji we would kill geese on the way. Awungarruwu kapi warta ngintip-angulimayi kiyi yinkiti ngi-ri-pirni pirlima. Out in the bush we walked and we killed (animals) on the way. Category: Hunting or fishing.

3 • beat someone in a game or sport. Karri jarritiyi Irrimiruwu purru-wuni-pirni awuta Pumurali. When Saturday Irrimiruwu beat Pumurali. Note: Picture from 'Ngawurranungurumagi Nginingawila Ngapangiraga: Tiwi-English Dictionary' Category: Playing, Cards. Category: Playing, Cards. Category: Playing, Cards.

(yi)jana -pirni be sick. Morph: (yi)jana 'sickness' + verb with root:‑pirni 'hit'. Gram: 'he' as subject, + direct object prefix Lit: sickness hits. Ngajiti ngimpa-ja-mangapa kukuni ngini jirti pili wiyi jana yi-ngan-ta-pirni. Don't drink water which is bad because later you would be sick.

warlani -pirni yawn. Gram: 'he' as subject prefix + direct object for person yawning Lit: yawn hits. Ngiya warlani yi-mini-pirni pili ngiya janawurti. I yawned because I was tired.

pirnikinga Variant: pininkunga. feminine noun. type of catfish. Arius spp.. brown and lives on reef. freshwater fish. Syn: puntunga. See: pirninginka. Ques: pirnikinga and pirninginka are probably variations of the same word. Note: Photo from Tony Rodd’s photostream (5,700) Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Fish.

pirnikirrari Variant: pirninkirrari. Usage: Old Tiwi. noun. type of fish. like a mullet. Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Fish.

pirnimati masculine noun. shore, foreshore. Category: Land or ground.

pirninginka feminine noun. Eeltail catfish. Neosilurus spp.. freshwater fish. See: pirnikinga; puntunga. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p109 Note: pirnikinga and pirninginka are probably variations of the same word. Category: Fish, Sea or mangrove or river life.

pirninkirrari See main entry: pirnikirrari. noun. type of fish.

pirnipaka Variant: purnipaka. feminine adjective. bad, rotten, or decayed feminine thing.Masculine: pirnipani. Category: Physical qualities.

pirnipani Variant: purnipani. masculine adjective. bad, rotten, decayed.Feminine: pirnipaka. See: yipirtila; -arlingi. Category: Physical qualities.

-pirntangaya See main entry: -pirtangaya.

-pirntirra- Variant: -pinti-. incorporated form 1. work. See: -piningi-; -majamurninga-. yi-pirntirra-karuwi he ceased from his work.

pirntuwa locative word. between. Category: Direction or location.

pirraja From: Macassan. masculine noun. rice. Syn: kilikiyijini. Category: Food and cooking, Traditional food, Introduced food.

pirraka feminine noun. 1 • spider web, cotton, thread. See: panya. Note: Photo from Lisa McDonald (www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/view photog.php?photogid=390) Category: Made by insects, Introduced items.

2 • 'sleep' in eye. Category: Body parts and products.

pirrakirninga Variant: pirrakurninga; purrokurninga; purrakurninga; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pirrakuninga. noun. ear. Syn: mikanjanga, kalajarri. See: minyawunga. Note: Photo from gallery of Picture It! software Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products.

pirrakirninga -angirri listen to sound from a distance, listen without seeming to listen, be far away in thought. Morph: pirrakurninga 'ear' +‑angirri 'send' to send one's ears. Wuta pirrakirninga piti-p-angirri. They listened to/for a sound a little bit distant. Nuwa maka pirrakirninga nyimpu-timuji-rr-ingi-rr-angirri? What are you thinking about? Category: Talking or thinking.

pirrakirninga ampungimi believe. Gram: 'she' as subject, not sure of break up or meaning of ampungimi. Ngangiya pirrakirninga ampungimi.

pirrakirninga -wurugi intend to. Morph: pirrakirninga 'ear' + verb with root:‑wurugi 'intend to'.

pirrakuninga See main entry: pirrakirninga. noun. ear.

pirrakununga See main entry: pirrakirninga.

pirrakurninga See main entry: pirrakirninga.

pirramirayi noun. cone shell. Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Shellfish.

Pirrampinali proper noun. Snake Bay. Syn: Milikapiti. Category: Direction or location.

Pirrampinarliwila plural noun. N. Melville Is. regional group. Syn: Wulirankuwila. Category: Regional groups.

pirrampirrama Variant: pirrapirrama; purrampurrama. feminine noun. Masked Lapwing, Plover. Vanellus miles.. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p104 Category: Birds.

pirranjinga feminine noun. eel. See: alapiyinga; wujingini. Note: Photo from Wildsingapore’s photostream (21,496) Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Fish.

pirrapirrama See main entry: pirrampirrama. feminine noun. Masked Lapwing, Plover.

pirraringa feminine noun. pennant coralfish. Heniochus acuminatus. Note: Picture from free clip art from Dreamstone.com Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Fish.

pirrarti 1 • masculine noun. leaf. Syn: wiyini. Category: Plants, Plant parts.

2 • free form verb. win. as at cards, bingo. Syn: wularti -mi.. Nyirra pirrarti jiyimi kapi jupuluwu. She won at cards. Pipinyawarri yuwurtimarti ngini pirrarti yimataami, api awarra naki alawura yipimari kangatawa nyintinga. Pipinyawarri wanted to win but he hurt his back. Category: Cards.

pirrawumpuli noun. rain. Syn: pakitiringa, anjulini. See: marakata; jaratinga; jamutaka; yirruwayi; malapurringa; malapurrini; -aturrukwa; -ukwa; -ungwali -wijilarlinga; -angantima; -anganti-; -mi-; -wungwarla-. Category: Weather.

-pirraya intransitive verb root 1. wash, wipe or clean (oneself). Syn: fe Þ Old_Tiwi: -wunyirraya, -wunyirrayamiya; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: -wunyirramiya, -wunirraya. See: -pirri; -wunyirri; mwarliki. pi-ri-pirraya they washed (themselves). Ngarra yi-pirraya pijara pili jana. He washed his eyes because they were sore. Category: Body functions or actions, Change of position or state.

pirri interjection. go away! See: ala. Ngawa-yuwuni yuwuntiyarra ngarra-mamanta, yimi ngini, "Ngini nuwa ngimp-awuriji yilaruwu kuta anginuwanga kurrampali api ngini awuta tiwi wurimi kangi nuwula, 'Pirri!' api nyi-rra-mwari awinyirra kurrampali," yimi kangi wutawa. Our older brother told his friends, "If you go into any house and if the people say to you, "Go away!" well leave that house," said to them. Category: Interjections.

pirri- Variant: purru-; pirru-. verb prefix. Gram: 1st order of verbal prefixes – subject-tense; When a class 1 verb root or incorporated form follows it the rri- is dropped before the connective link ri-. they (PAST). Gram: It occurs on most verbs, except feminine verbs and transitive verbs with 'her' as object. See: pi-; piti-; wu-. Wuta pirri-p-ajuwurtirr-amiya kapi tayikuwani yintarini a-p-iti. They hid themselves among some bushes. Karri pi-ri-kurungum-ani awinyirra muranga api awungarri kakijuwi purru-wap-ukani. When they would dig up the yam then the children would eat it. Waya kakunukurluwi pi-ri-ma kiyi pajipajuwu jilikari pi-rri-wunji-rr-ingini-kirimi. They then became adults and made lots of eggs. Pirika amintiya Japarra wuta karluwu pirrijakurluwuny-ajirri yiloti. Pirika and Japarra didn't see each other forever.

-pirri₁ transitive verb root 1. wash or wipe someone. Syn: -wunyirri. See: -pirraya; mwarliki; -pwarri. pi-ri-pirri they washed someone. Nyirra ji-pirri nyirra-mwaringa ngininyitawa jikipirti. She wiped the snot from her daughter's nose. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Change of position or state, Body functions or actions.

-pirri₂ verb suffix. each other. Gram: only used with - wujiyarra 'tell' See: -ajirri. Karrikuwapi wuni-ngumpu-rra-ku-riyi ngini nginti-ma-ta-wanji-ki-jiyarra-pirri. Noone comes to us at night for us just to talk among ourselves (or to each other).

pirriga free form verb. have sore throat, become hoarse. Ngiya ngwiyi pirriga ngu-pa-ama. I will get a sore throat (as from singing too much). Ngiya yilanja pirriga ngirima pili ngiya nginti-ri-kuruwala yingarti. My throat has become sore because I have sung too much. Category: Body functions or actions, Sickness or injury and healing.

pirrila interjection. continue!, keep on doing something!, keep going!; Morph: pirri away' +‑la ’CONTINUOUS’. Gram: May have command verb. See: pirri. Nankitawu. Aringampani. Pirrila! Over there. Further on. Keep going! Category: Interjections.

pirrilani masculine noun. brown fresh water fish. This is a general term for any relatively small brown fish found in freshwater areas. See: takaringa; artipunga; tikimpali. Category: Fish.

pirrimaringa Usage: Archaic ( old Old Tiwi ). Variant: pirrumaringa; purrimaringa. feminine noun. old woman, ancestress, female ancestor.Masculine: pirrimarti. Plural: papirrimaruwi. Syn: parlika, piluwarlinga. See: yinjula; wulikimaka; wulimaka; tipatirringimawu; yinkurlinga. Category: People, Human stages.

pirrimarti Usage: Archaic ( old Old Tiwi ). Variant: pirrumarti; purrumarti. masculine noun. old man, male ancestor. Syn: parlini, piluwarti. See: yirrula; wulikimani; wulimani; yinkurti.Feminine: pirrimaringa. Plural: papirrimaruwi, pirrimaruwi. Api ngarratuwu Adam ngatawa pirrimarti ji-mi-rr-ajirri-ngi-rr-arawami, karri 930 pakitiringa yimuwu. Well Adam died when he was a really old man, he lived 930 years. Note: Picture by Judy Knowles, SIL artist Note: Picture by SIL artist Category: People, Human stages.

pirrimaruwi See main entry: papirrimaruwi. plural noun. old people, ancestors.

pirringawini predicative. tired, weary. Syn: janawurti. See: -akirlumurri; -awurtirriti. Awarra malakaninga kalikali yimi karrampi api ngarra waya pirringawini. That young man ran a long way and so then he was tired. Category: Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Being.

pirrini 1 • masculine noun. line, queue. as of people - one behind other. See: palingarra; palingwaya. Category: Position.

2 • free form verb. line up, form a line. See: -majipujinga-; -urnukuga; -pukumarirrari. Yati pirrini nga-wurra - kirimi. Let's make one line. Yati pirrini nyi-rra - kirim-uwa Make one line facing this way. Category: Moving, Change of position or state.

-pirrita- incorporated form 1. shoulder. See: ngimpala; takurta; yimpirata.

pirriyalinga feminine noun. driftwood, floating log. Syn: tumukuka. See: jarruwarti; manjanga; wantanga; tumukuni; -ati-. Category: Plants, Plant parts.

pirru- See main entry: pirri-. verb prefix. Gram: 1st order of verbal prefixes – subject-tense

pirrumaringa See main entry: pirrimaringa. feminine noun. old woman, ancestress, female ancestor.

pirrumarti See main entry: pirrimarti. masculine noun. old man, male ancestor.

pirrumaruwi See main entry: papirrimaruwi. plural noun. old people, ancestors.

pirtajinga Variant: pirtatinga; purtatinga; pijatinga; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: putatinga. feminine noun. boil. See: tulaka. Category: Sickness or injury and healing.

-pirtangaya Variant: -pirntangaya; -purtangaya; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: -pitingaya; -pujingaya. feminine verb root 1, Modern Tiwi: intransitive verb root 1. hear, listen, listen for/to. Syn: -munguma; -mingirrimaga, minyawunga -mi, lijin fe Þ or hearim -mi. See: -wanyayi; -munganikuni; -marripunginti-. pi-ti-ri-pirtangaya, pi-ri-pirtangaya they heard, they listened. Wuta pi-ti-ri-pirtangaya winyiwinyinga ji-ni-yi-m-am-ani They heard a snake coming. Awi, kakirijuwi, nyi-rra-pirtangaya ngini ngiya ngi-mani-jiyarra-mami. Hey children, listen to what I am about to say. Category: Senses, Body functions or actions.

pirtapirtinga See main entry: purtapurtinga. noun. hiccough.

pirtapitinga See main entry: purtapurtinga. noun. hiccough.

pirtatinga See main entry: pirtajinga. feminine noun. boil.

-pirtawiya See main entry: -pijawiya. feminine verb root 1. fix up, mend, sew.

-pirtimi₁ Variant: -purtimi. feminine verb root 1. be facing each other. See: -matingiripirtimi; -upujingapirtimi; -kuparri. mumpu-ri-pirtimi you and I are facing each other. Note: Picture by artist at Murripurtiyanuwu Catholic School Category: Position.

-pirtimi₂ be promised wife (for a woman), have a promised wife (for a man), make a promise to each other. See: kirimili. Nginjatuwu nganginaki ta-marrimuwu ngwiyi. Nuwa nganginaki ngimpi-ri-pirtimi ngarra-naringa. You marry this one later. You and his mother are promised. Category: Human status, Kinship.

pitampunga Variant: pintampunga. feminine noun. Ghost Gum tree. Eucalyptus papuana,Eucalyptus alba. Syn: wurawungapingala. Note: Photo from Neeravbhatt’s photostream (3,950) and (2) from 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p47 Category: Plants, Trees.

pitapita See main entry: pitipita. noun. stomach, abdomen or belly.

pitarika feminine noun. various types of grasses, wallaby grass. Chrysopogon fallax, Heteropogon triticeus, Imperata cylindrica, Mnesithea rottboellioides, spinifex longifolius. People use the various types in a number of different ways. See the 'Tiwi Plants and animals' book. See: wupunga; marakati; wupwarrika. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p59 Category: Plants, Grass.

pitarranga feminine noun. bandy or bow-legged female.Masculine: pitarrangini. Plural: pitarranguwi. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pitarrangini masculine noun. bandy or bow-legged male.Feminine: pitarranga. Plural: pitarranguwi. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pitarranguwi plural noun. bandy or bow-legged people.Masculine: pitarrangini. Feminine: pitarranga. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

-pitawiya See main entry: -pijawiya. feminine verb root 1. fix up, mend, sew.

piti- Variant: putu-. verb prefix. Gram: 1st order of verbal prefixes – subject-tense they (PAST.FEM). Gram: It occurs with feminine verb roots or transitive verb roots with ‘her’ as object See: pi-; pirri-; wu- wumpi-. Ngangi ngiya kurrampali ngi-ri-pujirr-amiya wuta karluwu pi-ti-ma-t-ili-mwari ngiya-mamirampi The house in which I shelter, well my children shouldn't leave it. Parta kiyi pi-ti-ri-ki-punginiga-mini pi-rri-p-ungilimpangi-rr-urnuk-ani kapi ngirawiyaka. After that they would clear the land in the afternoon and they slept lined up there where they would hold the kurlama ceremony.

-pitiga intransitive verb root 1. Gram: Masculine or Plural subject prefix persevere, keep going (though sick). Nyirra karluwu a-ni-mi. Nyirra a-ri-pitiga. She doesn't obey. She still keeps working.

pitimini noun. backbone, spine. Syn: ngirntipwaja. Category: Body parts and products.

-pitingaya See main entry: -pirtangaya.

pitipita Variant: pitapita. noun. stomach, abdomen or belly (outside, not organ); underneath side (of something flattish); inside (of a container). not the stomach organ. Syn: wurarra. See: wiyika; mwama; manjarrika; yawurrupuyini. Ngawa nga-p-awumi jarrikarli mipurra kangi yikwani. Pakinya ampi-ri-kuruga kangi pitipita. Ninkiyi kapi ngarra jukwartanga nga-p-awumi. We warm the Wattle bark over the fire, first lying it with the underside down. Then we warm the upper side. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products.

pitipita jirti -wini be angry inside, hold anger in. Morph: pitipita ’stomach' + jirti ’bad' +‑wini ’have'. Lit: stomach sits bad. See: -akiriwurlingigi; -ikirimitiyarri; -ukirimirli; jirti; jurrimumi; jurrimumanyimi; -kipiyawumi; -kurupwarri mirliga; mwamawamini; pwalapi; yikwanari. Awunganuwanga yingwampa jirti a-ri-miringarra pili ngarra pitipita jirti a - wini In the same way he hates others because he is angry inside. Category: Feeling.

kapi pitipita yima/arima inside. Morph: kapi 'in' + pitipita 'stomach' + yima he became or arima he becomes. kapi nyirra pitipita arima where her inside is ( e.g.. inside bottom part of billycan). Category: Direction or location.

pitipita jirti -wini be angry inside, hold anger in. Morph: pitipita ’stomach' + jirti ’bad' + verb with root:‑muwu ’sit'. Lit: stomach sits bad. See: -akiriwurlingigi; -ikirimitiyarri; -ukirimirli; jirti; jurrimumi; jurrimumanyimi; -kipiyawumi; -kurupwarri mirliga; mwamawamini; pwalapi; yikwanari. Awunganuwanga yingwampa jirti a-ri-miringarra pili ngarra pitipita jirti a - wini. In the same way he hates others because he is angry inside. Category: Feeling, Talking or thinking.

pitipitinga See main entry: putiputinga. feminine noun. spirit child (feminine).

pitipitini See main entry: putiputini. masculine noun. spirit child.

pitipituwamini Variant: putuputuwamini. noun. much sorrow, pity. Morph: pitipituwu 'sorrow' +‑amini ‘INTENSIFIER (masculine)’. Syn: wurarruwamini. Category: Feeling. Category: Feeling.

pitipituwamini -akirayi grieve greatly (over dead person). Lit: give much pity. Syn: wurarruwamini -akirayi. Ngajiti pitipituwamini nyimp-a-ja-y-akirayi nginja-miraninga. Don't be grieving a lot for your daughter. Category: Talking or thinking, Social behaviour.

pitipituwi See main entry: putiputuwi. plural noun. spirit children.

pitipituwu Variant: putuputuwu. free form verb. feel sorry, sorrow, pity, sad. Syn: wurarruwu. Ngiya putuputuwu ngi-ri - mi kapi ngiya-rringani pili ngarra puruwunjini. I feel sorry for my husband because he is really sick. Category: Feeling. Category: Feeling. Category: Feeling. Category: Feeling.

pitipituwu -akirayi or -iluwa be sorry for, forgive. Morph: pitipituwu 'pity' + ver with root:‑akirayi 'give' or‑iluwa 'give. Syn: wurarruwu -akirayi fe Þ or -iluwa. Api wiyi karri ngarra pupuni arima, karri kiyija a-p-umwari mirripaka api awungarri ngarra-mantani pitipituwu a-p-akirayi. Now, later when he feels better, when he sobers up a bit, then he feels sorry for his friend. Category: Talking or thinking, Feeling, Social behaviour.

pitipituwu -akirayamiya repent, feel sorry (for what have done), feel sorry for oneself. Lit: give oneself pity. Ngarra ngawa-yuwuni ngarra jimirrarami ngini ngawa jirti ngintirikirimani, api ngawa putuputuwu nga-p - akiray-amiya ngini jirti ngintirikirimani. Our older brother died for our sin, so we (need to) repent of our sins. Category: Social behaviour, Christian religion.

pitipituwamini -akirayi grieve greatly (over dead person). Morph: pitipituwu 'sorry' +‑amini 'INTENSIFIER (MASCULINE)' +‑akirayi 'give'. Syn: wurruwawamini -akirayi. Ngajiti pitipituwamini nyimp-a-ja-y-akirayi nginja-miraninga. Don't be grieving a lot for your daughter. Category: Talking or thinking, Social behaviour.

pitipukaka feminine noun. type of fish. Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Fish.

pitipwaja noun. shin bone. Morph: piti‑+ pwaja 'bone'. See: nguwana; yimpitarruraga; -wampiti-; -wankili-. Category: Body parts and products.

pitirrini See main entry: puturruni. masculine noun. cockle shell, volute shell.

pitirripitirri masculine noun. strong light at midday which can hurt the eyes. name of mythical man who cooks his food at midday and the fire blinds him. Category: Sky, Beliefs.

pitirrunga See main entry: puturrunga. feminine noun. baler shell, large cockle shell.

pitiyawu Variant: pitiyo. From: English. noun. video. wupakirayi ngawa...latiriki ngini ngawuniyangirri ngini pitiyawu... amintiya ngini jurrumumi arimi japinamini they give us... electricity which we use on the video.. and the which gives light at night. Category: Introduced items.

pitiyo See main entry: pitiyawu. noun. video.

pitungurruwuka See main entry: putuwurringika. feminine noun. Black-footed Tree-Rat.

-piyajampurnimaya See main entry: -piyajapurnimaya. reflexive verb stem 1. hit back, retaliate (when hit).

-piyajapurnimaya Variant: -piyajampurnimaya. reflexive verb stem 1. hit back, retaliate (when hit). Morph: ‑pi‑'trouble' +‑ajapurnimaya 'turn self over'. Lit: turn self over to trouble. Syn: kurrukwala -ma, arntiruka -muwu. See: -arntirra-; -akirayawurli; -wurtinyawu; -wayajarrimi. Ant: -ipayamiya. Yati tini yipirni ngarra-mantani api ngarra arnuka yi-rri-piyajapurnimaya. One man hit is friend but he didn't hit him back. Ngiya arnuka ngi-ma-ta-piyajapurnimaya I wouldn't retaliate. Category: Violence or impact.

-piyajimanguwu a large area to be covered in water. as from rain. Morph: ‑pi‑'ground' +‑aji‑+‑manguwu 'water is there'. See: -manguwu; -ajimanguwu; -akaluwangi; -mangupiyawuriji; -akupunarligi. a-ri-piyajimanguwu a large area (such as airstrip) is covered with water. Category: Water, Change of position or state.

-piyajingimayi Variant: -piyajingumayi. intransitive verb root 1. dunk (biscuit into tea). such as water into ochre or sugar on porridge. Morph: ‑pi‑+‑ajingimayi. Ques: There are no examples of -ajingimayi without the -pi- and it is not certain what the -pi- means here See: -piyawutila; -ajuwurlima. pi-ri-piyajingimayi they mixed something up. Ngiya ngi-ri-piyajingimayi pularti kapi nginingilawa porriji kiyi ngi-ri-piyakinapugi. I put milk into my porridge and stirred it. Category: Change of position or state, Food and cooking, Art.

-piyajirringi- Variant: -piyatirri. incorporated form 1. crocodile. Morph: pi‑'long thing' +‑ajirringi‑'crawl'. See: yirrinkipayi; jikipayinga. Ninkiyi, nganti-ri-ma-rri-piyanjirri-ngi-kitikim-ani warta. Then we would drag the crocodile to the bush.

-piyakinapugi Variant: -piyakinampugi. transitive verb stem 1. stir something ( e.g. food). Morph: ‑pi‑’long thing’ +‑akinapugi 'shake'. See: -piyawutila. pi-ri-piyakinapugi they stirred something. Ngawa nga-ri-ma-rri-piyakinapugi kitartawini, awarra ngini nga-ri-mamula yeast. We stir in that which we call yeast in the bread. Category: Food and cooking, Change of position or state.

-piyakitiringa intransitive verb root 1. 1 • beat someone up, throw (someone) to the ground, fight violently. Ques: It is not clear just what the traditional meaning was. These days the differences between -akitiringa and -piyakitiringa are not clear. Morph: ‑pi‑'ground' +‑akitiringa 'throw'. See: -pirni; -wayakitiringa; -piyakupuringinti. Ngiya pi-rri-ja-ki-piyakitiringa ariga. They beat me up at night and left me half dead. Category: Violence or impact.

2 • hit with thrown object. Usage: Modern Tiwi. See: -wurtinyawu; -payi; -akitirringa; miya; yurta; -pimagi. pi-ri-piyakitiringa they threw something and hit it. Ngarra yi-piyakitiringa tangini awarra pulangumwani. He threw a stick at that dog and hit it.

-piyakupuringinti Variant: -piyakupuringiti. intransitive verb root 1. be knocked unconscious, faint (and fall to ground). Morph: ‑pi‑'ground' +‑akupuringinti 'faint'. See: -pirni; -piyakitiringa; -wayakitiringa. Category: Body functions or actions, Sickness or injury and healing.

-piyalingigi intransitive verb root 1. smash (to soften). Ques: Verbs containing -pi- often seems to mean action with arms involved. See: -arlingi; -pijigi; -puwuta; pwamiga; pijirimiga. Category: Violence or impact, Cutting or breaking or tearing.

-piyamunturruwa transitive verb stem 1. beckon to or summon one's relatives (to help in argument or fight or whatever). Morph: ‑piya‑'wave' +‑muntu‑'upper arm' +‑urruwa 'drag along'. See: -amirnata. Wuta karluwu pi-rri-wun-ta-piya-munturruwa. They didn't call their relatives to help them (in an argument or fight). Category: Body functions or actions.

-piyanganta intransitive verb root 1. leave something half-done, not complete. ngi-ri-piyanganta I left the job half-done. Category: Change of position or state. Category: Change of position or state.

-wapiyanganta break off talk before finished. Morph: ‑wa‑’words’ +‑piyanganta 'not complete'. pi-ru-wa-piyanganta they didn't finish telling the story.

-piyanginiga feminine verb root 1. 1 • rake up, clear ground (as for dancing or sleeping); to make talk clear; to clear up a matter; to clarify something; to sort out argument; to explain; to summarise talk; In Old Tiwi: -piyanginiga means 'clear ground' and -wapiyanginiga means 'clear up talk; both have now come to mean the same and can have both meanings. Morph: ‑pi‑'ground' +‑anginiga 'clear'. Syn: -punginiga, -wapiyanginiga. See: -anginiga, -angurliga, -angininyimi, -kuruga, -wayakupurunguntigi, -wamwarri, -matipiyanginiga; turrunguni -warugi. pi-ti-piyanginiga they cleared up the ground. Karri ngawa nguntu-wuriyi warta api nginti-ri-piyanginiga awarra kuluwuni kapi piyani nga-ri-mili. When we went out bush we cleared the ground where we would sleep. Karri wuta kanjilimani karri nimarra pi-ri-mi api pi-ri-piyanginiga awarra ngirramini. When the council talked (with the people) they cleared things up (or straightened things out). Category: Change of position or state.

2 • for the moon to have ring around it. When this occurs people say that the moon is singing kurlama. See: kurrani; japarrulini; japarra; wurlini; japarrani; awunipakupurunga. ampi-ri-piyanginiga There's a ring around the moon. Category: Sky, Environment.

-piyangirri intransitive verb root 1. wave someone away, shoo off. Morph: ‑pi‑’wave’ +‑angirri 'send'. pi-ri-piyangirri they waved someone away. Category: Body functions or actions. Category: Body functions or actions.

-piyangirri + direction prefix or suffix wave someone to come, beckon someone, pull towards. Syn: -piyanguwa, -kitikimi, pulim, -urruwa.

-piyangurlimayi Variant: -piyangulimayi. intransitive verb root 1. walk along driven by wind, be carried along on wind, be blown along by wind. Morph: ‑pi‑'sleep' +‑angurlimayi 'walk'. See: -apura₂. pi-ri-piyangurlimayi they were blown along by the wind. Category: Change of position or state, Moving. Category: Change of position or state, Moving.

yirrima -piyangurlimayi glide (of bird). Morph: yirrima 'fly' + verb with root:‑piyangurlimayi 'blown'.

-piyanguwa transitive verb root 1. wave to someone to come, beckon to someone, pull towards. Morph: ‑pi‑+‑anguwa. See: -piyangirri; -kitikimi; pulim; -urruwa. pi-ri-piyanguwa they beckoned to someone. ari-piyanguwa ngarra-mantani he's waving to his friend. Yirramitirrani nga-ri-piyanguwa kirimpika. We pull the crab out with a stick with a hook. Note: Picture by Alice Lee Category: Moving, Body functions or actions, Holding or transfer.

piyani free form verb. sleep. Syn: kirliminjangini, kirliminjini, payipayi. See: -akituwumi, -majirripi, -mili, -wungirliji, -wungirrari, wungirlijiga, -wungirlijingiga -wungirrangilamparra, -wungirrorimi; -pi-, -wungi, -wungilimpangi-. Note: Photo used with permission Category: Body functions or actions. Category: Body functions or actions. Category: Body functions or actions.

-piyapunya piyani go back to sleep. Morph: verb with incorporated form:‑pi‑'sleep' +‑apunya 'follow' + piyani 'sleep'. a-ri - pi-y-apunya piyani he goes back to sleep.

piyani -kilipi for eyes to keep blinking with sleep. Morph: piyani 'sleep' + verb with root:‑kilipi 'blink'. Wuta waya a-wuji-kilipi piyani Their eyelids keep closing from sleepiness. Wutatuwu piyani yikikilipi, amintiya pirikiyakutuwumi piyani. Their eyes kept blinking and they fell asleep. Note: Photo by friend of Jennifer Lee Category: Body functions or actions.

piyanikumunga feminine noun. really big woman.Masculine: piyanikumuni. Plural: piyanikumuwi. See: arikulanga. Awinyirra Murtankala nyirra warntirrana piyanikumunga. Murtankala was really big. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Size.

piyanikumuni masculine noun. really big man.Feminine: piyanikumunga. Plural: piyanikumuwi. See: arikulani. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Size.

piyanikumuwi plural noun. really big people.Masculine: piyanikumuni. Feminine: piyanikumunga. See: arikakulapi. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Size.

-piyantili- incorporated form 1. raw fish. Syn: -patili-. See: -pi-; -paningi-; miputi. yi-ma-rri-piyantil-uriyi he took the raw fish.

piyapiya free form verb. dream. Nyirra piyapiya jiyi - majirripi ngini nyirra-rringani jimirrarami. She dreamed that her father had died. Category: Talking or thinking.

piyapiyawini masculine noun. male who walks fast, fast mover. can refer to vehicles as well as people.Feminine: piyapiyawunga. Plural: piyapiyawiwi. Syn: tirimurrukuni, kalikalini. See: mirati; murruka; mirarra; yirrima. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

piyapiyawiwi plural noun. people who walk fast, fast movers.Masculine: piyapiyawini. Feminine: piyapiyawunga. Syn: tirimurrukuwi, kalikalini. See: mirati; murruka; mirarra; yirrima. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

piyapiyawunga feminine noun. female who walks fast, something feminine that moves fast, fast mover (feminine). can refer to vehicles as well as people.Masculine: piyapiyawini. Plural: piyapiyawiwi. Syn: kalikalinga, tirimurruka. See: mirati; murruka; mirarra; yirrima. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

-piyapunya go back to sleep, sleep again, continue sleeping. Morph: ‑pi‑'sleep' +‑apunya 'follow'. Gram: always with piyani 'sleep' See: -majirripi; -wungirliji. Ngarra kirijini yi-piyapunya nginingatawa kilimijini piyani pili ngarra janawurti. The little boy kept on sleeping because he was tired. a-ri-pi-y-apunya piyani he goes back to sleep. Category: Body functions or actions.

-piyapurutumulamiya relexive verb stem 1. take the blame. Morph: ‑pi‑'trouble' +‑apurutumuli +‑amiya 'self'. Syn: -warrimiwirri. Gram: I only have this from a word list but have not come across any examples as yet or any instance of -apurutumuli on its own. Category: Talking or thinking, Social behaviour.

piyarringa feminine noun. centipede. Note: Photo from Bill & Mark Bell’s photostream on Flickr Category: Insects and spiders.

-piyawuli- See main entry: -piyawurli-.

-piyawulingi- Variant: -piyawurlingi-. incorporated form 1. crab. Syn: -kiyawulingi-. Gram: Osborne gives -piyawulingi- as referring to 'raw crab' and -kiyawulingi- as referring to 'cooked crab' but these days there does not seem to be any difference in meaning. See: kirimpika; wurlanga. Kirimpika ngampi-ri-ma-rri-piyawulingi-y-akupawurli japuja.. We take the crabs back home.

-piyawutila intransitive verb root 1. mix (with liquid), stir. Morph: ‑pi‑+‑awutila. Ques: There are no examples of -awutila without the -pi- and it is not certain what the -pi- means here See: -piyajingimayi; -piyakinapugi; -ajuwurlima. pi-ri-piyawutila they mixed it. Category: Change of position or state, Food and cooking.

-piyimwarla Variant: -piyimorla. feminine verb root 1. circumcise. Morph: pi‑‘long thing’ +‑imwarla. pitimipiyimwarla they circumcised him. Category: Christian religion, Body functions or actions, Cutting or breaking or tearing.

piyinga feminine noun. widow.Masculine: piyini. Plural: papiyuwi. Syn: amparruwu, pijukwayinga. Category: People, Human status.

piyini masculine noun. widower.Feminine: piyinga. Plural: papiyuwi. Syn: amparruwu, pijukwayini. Category: People, Human status.

-piyinti intransitive verb root 1. 1 • hover (of birds), float (of fish). Morph: ‑pi‑'sleep' +‑i(n)ti 'stand'. See: -akijiti; -akuwuluwarrigi. Jamparrika ampi-jingi-piyinti The Frigate Bird is hovering. Nayi miputi a-wujingi-piyiti kangi winga. The fish is floating in the sea. Note: Photo from (1) ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p104 and (2) by Joy Naden Category: Moving, Change of position or state, Water.

2 • stand back (let others go first), stand firm. Gram: Old Tiwi - it occurs with the Stance prefix, pi(ngi)- see under pi- pu-pungi-piyint-ajirri they were standing back waiting for each other to go first. yi-pungi-piyint-ani (when others would throw spears at him) he stood firm. Category: Position.

-piyonji- incorporated form 1. axe. Gram: There is a link between this form and a following root or incorporated form: ngi- for class 1, ng- for class 3 and rr- for class 2. Syn: -ati-. See: kurrijuwa, walimani, -atinga, jurtukwa, kuluti, mukwanga, mukwani, jampayini, agini; -kiyonji-. Nga-ri-ma-rri-piyonji-ngi-pukirimi. We chop into (the tree) with an axe. Ngimpala yirrara a-ri-ma-rri-piyonji-rr-anyuwa. The branches, which were chopped off with an axe, are lying next to each other. Ngimpala a-ri-ma-rri-piyonji-ngi-mili The branches, which were chopped off, with an axe, are lying on the ground.

-piyonti- Variant: -piyornti-. incorporated form 1. raw wallaby. Gram: There is a link between this form and a following root or incorporated form: ngi- for class 1, ng- for class 3 and rr- for class 2. It is possible that the form is really -piyonji- and that -piyornti is an overcorrection by a younger speaker. See: -pi-; jipwajirringa; -wingiliwanji-; -wuliyonji-; -kunji-. Kularlaga pwajimwalintiya pi-ri-mirri-piyonti-ngi -ma-mini kiyi piti-wunyay-ani They would search around for wallaby and then they would find it. Karri waya yingarti jiyi-pirni awuta wuninguwi, api awungarri papurli yi-piyornti-kirimi awuta wuninguwi. When he caught a lot of possums he carried them on a stick over his shoulders.

-piyornti- See main entry: -piyonti-.

-piyoruga transitive verb root 1. call something the first or important. See: -piyorugi. Awinyirra wumunga ngangi ji-pi-rra-piyoruga. That day he called it the first one. Category: Talking or thinking.

-piyorugi feminine verb root 1. be most important, have priority. refers only to things, ideas or laws. Gram: Only with pakinya. Syn: -kiri. See: -orlipirri; -wiliyawarntiyarri; -ajiruwarntigi; -arlikiri; yiliruwarni; arruwulupini. Pakinya awarra nyi-ta-piyorug-amugi. Cause that to be the most important. Category: Human status.

piyuwampuwa masculine noun. type of fish. Category: Fish.

poja See main entry: pwaja.

pojini See main entry: pwajini.

pojininga See main entry: pwajininga. feminine noun. beer.

pokayini See main entry: pwakayini. free form verb. laugh, play; to play instrument (Modern Tiwi).

pokiriparri noun. thigh, upper leg. slapped as accompaniment to dancing. Syn: yinkala, kiripayuwa. See: yirrikarla; (yi)nguwana; rapugi; kiripayuwa; yirranikara; yimpitarruraga; -wankili-; -wampiti. Category: Body parts and products.

pokitirrini See main entry: pakatarrini. masculine noun. playing card(s), pack of cards.

pokitirruwa Usage: Modern Tiwi. free form verb. Gram: May have auxiliary verb with root: -mi play (cards or music). See: -amirnangili; pikartarrini; pwakayini. Wuta awuta awirankuwi wu-p-angulimayi, pokitirruwa tape wayiliji kapi jarrumoka waya awungani ngini-wutawa ngini yongwarri ngini murrintawi wu-ru-kuruwala nginingaji rock and roll song. Waya awarrila kangi wuta mikanjanga. The teenagers walk along the road playing cassette players (playing) the music which white people sing like rock and roll songs, Only that sort of music is going in their ears. Category: Cards.

polap See main entry: pwalapi. free form verb. become angry.

polapi See main entry: pwalapi. free form verb. become angry.

poli Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. noun. pole.

-polintiya See main entry: -pwalitiya. transitive verb root 1. tap something, such as a tree, test.

-politiya See main entry: -pwalintiya. transitive verb root 1. tap something, such as a tree, test.

pongilontinga See main entry: pwangilontinga. feminine noun. large domestic animal.

pongilontingini See main entry: pwangilontingini. masculine noun. large domestic animal.

pongilontunguwi See main entry: pwangilotunguwi. masculine noun. large domestic animals.

pongipongi See main entry: pwangipwangi. noun. cigarette, tobacco.

pongulatungini See main entry: pwangilontingini. masculine noun. large domestic animal.

ponkinga See main entry: pwankinga. masculine noun. female peace-maker, female who stops people fighting.

ponkini See main entry: pwankini. masculine noun. peace-maker, man who stops people fighting.

ponkiponka See main entry: pwankipwanka. From: English. feminine noun. frog.

ponkiponki See main entry: pwankipwanki. interjection. peace!

ponkuwi See main entry: pwankuwi. plural noun. peace-makers, people who stop people fighting.

ponyiponyini See main entry: pwanyipwanyini. masculine noun. tall grass.

pop See main entry: popi. noun. ten cents.

popi Variant: pop. From: English. noun. ten cents. a 'bob' - or 'shilling' - old currency. Syn: jilingi. Category: Introduced items.

popirriluwi See main entry: papurraluwi. plural noun. old people.

popuranganta See main entry: papurunganta. feminine noun. pregnant.

popurangantuwi See main entry: papurangatuwi. plural noun. pregnant women.

popurungantuwi See main entry: papurangantuwi.

-porri See main entry: -pwarri. be.dry.

porrij Variant: porriji. From: English. noun. porridge. Category: Food and cooking, Traditional food.

porrim See main entry: porrimi. free form verb. borrow.

porrimi Variant: porrim; borrow. Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. free form verb. Gram: May have Auxiliary verb with root: -mi borrow. Syn: -angirraga. Karri pirrarti jiyimi kunawini api yu-wurtinyawu ngini porrimi jiyimi. When she won money she payed back what she had borrowed. Karri nuwa borrow ngimpi-ri-mi kunawini nuwa-mamanta, api yartipili nyi-rr-akiray-awurli awarra. When you borrow money from your friends pay it back quickly. Category: Social behaviour.

potan Variant: fotan. Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. free form verb. Gram: May have Auxiliary verb with root: -mi fall down. Syn: pwapuwuwa. See: -akupuraji; -awurligi; -alumi. Awi, nga-wurniyi yirrukurrunuwi kutawu nga-ri-majingipa purinjirringa. Kali nga-wurniyi anaki awinyirra. Pakinya ngawa wiyi katim, kiyi nyirra potan. Hey let us young fellows go over there to chop down a tree. Come on, let's go for that. first we will cut it down and it will fall down. Category: Moving, Change of position or state.

poyilim Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. free form verb. boil. See: -majungwani; purnipurni. Karri yinukuninara poyilim ampirimi ninkiyi wayit ampi-ri-ma awungarri ngawa tikimat ngarimi miyaringa wutiriyi tangini. Awungarri nga-p-amukuri kapi wupunga kiyi nyirra trayi ampi-ri-ma. Kiyi karri waya nginingaji kiyija trayi ampirimi awinyirra kiyi nga-ri-kirimi pajikiti. When it has boiled for some time it becomes white and we take the Pandanus out with a stick. At that time we put it on the grass to dry. Then when it is a little bit dry we make a basket. Category: Water, Change of position or state.

pringim See main entry: piringimi. free form verb. bring.

propili Variant: propli. Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. adverb. properly, really. See: warntirrana. Modern Tiwi: "Ngiya luji ngirimi pili ngiya karluwu nawu awarra naki murrakupuni," ngirimi kangi wutawa. "Ngajirri awungani nimpajami, ngajirri awungani tuwanga," pirimi kangilawa. "Ngini nimpirimi awungani tuwanga api kiyi nginja yiloti wiyi luji nimpirimi propili," pirimi. "I was lost because I don't know this country," I said to them. "Don't do that again," they said to me. "If you do that again well you will be really lost for good," they said. Category: Adverbs.

propli See main entry: propili. adverb. properly, really.

pu- See main entry: pi-. verb prefix. Gram: 8th order of verbal prefixes - STANCE away from camp.

pu- See main entry: ripi-. verb prefix. Gram: 6th order of verbal prefixes – indirect object or for them.

pu- See main entry: pa-. verb prefix. Gram: 9th order of verbal prefixes - EMPHATIC; with certain class 3 verb roots where vowel of prefix and first vowel of root change place EMP. ti-pu-wariyi please go!

pu-₁ See main entry: pi-. verb prefix. Gram: 1st order of verbal prefixes – subject-tense they (PAST).

-pu- incorporated form 1. 1 • grass. See: wupunga. nga-ri-pu-kiringayi we scratch because of the grass.

2 • person who has been hurt, victim. ngi-ri-pu-rtapirri I grabbed a person who has been hurt. ngi-ri-pu-rtapirri I grabbed a person who has been hurt.

-punkilarrapugi hit in eye. Morph: ‑pu‑'victim' +‑kilarrapugi 'poke in eye'. Syn: -pungipa.

3 • See main entry: -pi-.

ground.

puja See main entry: yimpunja. feminine noun. ceremonial false beard.

pujikati From: English. noun. cat. Category: Introduced animals.

pujiki See main entry: pujuki. predicative. thirsty.

pujimi Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. free form verb. Gram: May have Auxiliary verb with root: -mi push. Category: Violence or impact.

pujinga noun. voice. Syn: yirringa, miraka. See: -ipujinga-. Category: Talking or thinking.

-pujingaya See main entry: -pirtangaya.

-pujirra Variant: -pajirra. transitive verb root 1. cover, shelter. See: -pujirri; -wuningitiga; -kirlayi; -pwanjipa; -kuwuntirri; -apingini. Ques: Traditionally it seems the difference between -pujirra and -pujirri was that -pujirri was intransitive, in that it meant 'for something to cover something else' or 'for a person to take shelter'. On the other hand -pujirra meant 'for someone to cover something or someone else', as in a-ri-marrima-pujirri 'book is covering it' and nga-ri-marrima-pujirra 'we cover the book with something'. The difference is not apparent these days. pi-ri-pujirra they covered it. Kiyi ngampi-ri-pujirra punkaringa amintiya tangini pili wiyi rawaturrunga amintiya tayampi wu-wapa awinyirra kwaka. Then we cover up the Cycad Palm nuts with paperbark and sticks otherwise the pigs and dingos will eat it. Category: Holding or transfer, Change of position or state. Category: Holding or transfer, Change of position or state.

-wapujirra cover up words, not to teach words/law. Morph: ‑wa‑’words’ +‑pujirra 'cover'.

-pujirramiya reflexive verb stem 1. cover self up. Morph: ‑pujirra 'cover' +‑amiya 'self'. See: -kuwuntirri. Waya juwa pi-ri-wilingirri-pujirramiya-mini They would just cover up their pubic area. Category: Body functions or actions.

-pujirri Variant: -pajirri. intransitive verb root 1 / transitive verb root 1. for something to cover something (such as a lid), shelter (take shelter). Ques: Traditionally it seems the difference between -pujirra and -pujirri was that -pujirri was intransitive, in that it meant 'for something to cover something else' or 'for a person to take shelter'. On the other hand -pujirra meant 'for someone to cover something or someone else', as in a-ri-marrima-pujirri 'book is covering it' and nga-ri-marrima-pujirra 'we cover the book with something'. The difference is not apparent these days. See: -pujirra; -apingini. pi-ri-pujirri they covered it. Karri marluwu ampi-nuwuja api kakirijuwi ngimpu-wuni-pujirri kangi punkaringa. When the wind is coming we shelter the children under the paperbark. Category: Holding or transfer, Change of position or state.

pujitinga feminine noun. Whistling Tree Duck. Syn: mikikini. Category: Birds, Water birds.

pujuki Variant: pujukwi; pujiki; pijuki. predicative. thirsty. See: arntingi; pijukwa. Nyirra pujuki jiyima, api kiyi nyirra kularlaga jiyima kukuni. She became thirsty, so she looked around for water. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pujukwi See main entry: pujuki. predicative. thirsty.

pujunki See main entry: pujuki. thirsty.

pujurripuka feminine noun. type of crab. See: kirimpika; wurlanga; pumwarninga; numwakini; tarati; kirluwuka; nginama; tuwulingata; arijilani arijilaka; kiriwurrini; kiriwurrika; -kiyawulingi-; -piyawulingi-. Note: Picture from gallery of Picture It! software Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Crabs.

pukaringa See main entry: punkaringa. feminine noun. paperbark, paperbark tree.

pukaringini See main entry: punkaringini. masculine noun. small paperbark tree; book or paper; church or mass, week.

pukarti See main entry: punkarti.

puki Usage: Modern Tiwi, New Tiwi. From: English. free form verb. booked up, owed. Marri nginja ninganuwanga ngiya puki. You still owe me. Category: Social behaviour.

pukilijipa See main entry: pikilijipa. feminine noun. Stilt root mangrove tree.

pukilijipini masculine noun. roots of mangrove tree(s). See: pikilijipa. Note: Photo by Joy Naden Category: Plants, Plant parts.

-pukinyimi See main entry: -wapukinyimi. intransitive verb root 3. finish up, finish all the food.

pukirika See main entry: punkirika. feminine noun. greedy woman.

-pukirimi intransitive verb root 1. chop into, make hole (as in tree). Morph: ‑pu‑‘long thing’ +‑kirimi ’make’ or 'cut up'. See: -majingipa; kitimimpa. pi-ri-pukirimi they chopped into (a log). Ngapatinga kurrijuwa, kiyi ngaripukirimi kangi awarra tingiwini api jorari ngarikirimi. We get an axe then we chop into the middle of the log. Ngawa ngintuwuriyi mirriparinga kiyi yuwurli nginti-ri-pukirimi. We went to the mangroves and chopped into a tree for mangrove worms. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Violence or impact, Cutting or breaking or tearing.

-pukiringirri transitive verb root 1. Gram: May have wija- 'in turn' take place of, take over from or substitute for someone else. Morph: pu‑+‑kiringirri 'copy'. Ques: It is not certain what the -fv:pu- means here. -fv:kiringirri can be used without the -fv:pu- with the same meaning. Syn: -kiringirri. See: -apukurruma. ji-mini-pukiringirri she took over from me(she finished what I had started). Ngiya pakinya ngi-ri-pukirimi kiyi ngatawatuwu yi-mini-ja-%pukiringirri$ I chopped into the tree then he in turn took over from me. Category: Change of position or state.

pukirini See main entry: punkirini. masculine noun. greedy man.

pukiripi See main entry: punkiripi. feminine noun. greedy people.

pukirrakiningiyi See main entry: ampukirrakiningi. feminine noun. barge.

pukiyi See main entry: pukwiyi. feminine noun. 1 • spirit, life, pulse.

2 • sun.

3 • totem.

pukulijupa See main entry: pikilijipa. feminine noun. Stilt root mangrove tree.

-pukulonjigi Usage: Old Tiwi. transitive verb root 1. Gram: direct object as experiencer + 'he' as subject; only in past forms spear in side, be sore in side. Morph: ‑pi‑'long thing' +‑kulonjigi 'side'. See: kulonjigi; -palipa; -kijima; -aniligi; -kupuri; -milima; minga; turli; -palipa. yi-mini-pukulonjigi I am sore in the side (Lit: (soreness) speared me in the side). Category: Violence or impact, Sickness or injury and healing.

-pukulumagi transitive verb root 1. look after, care for, rear someone else's child, adopt child. Syn: -kitirumi₂, -irrumwakitirumi. See: -amangi. piripukulumagi they reared someone else's child. Nginja waya nyimpi-ri-mungurumi ngampi pi-ti-ma-ta-pukulumagi ngiya-mwaringa? Do you know where they will look after my daughter? Ngarra yi-pululumagi awarra nayi kiyijini karri ngarra-naringa jimirrarawami. He adopted that little boy when his mother died. Category: Kinship, Social behaviour.

pukuluwurri See main entry: purupunguluwurri. feminine noun. motor vehicle, car, truck.

pukumani See main entry: pukumwani. masculine noun. death ritual, taboo.

-pukumarirrari intransitive verb root 1. form selves into two lines (of people), separate into two. as for procession. See: -makanyajirri; -marimiya; pirrini; palingwaya; paling. pi-rri-pukumarirrari they got into two lines. wu-rra-pukumarirrari they should get into two lines. Category: Moving, Change of position or state.

pukumwaka Variant: punkumwaka. feminine noun. female Magpie Goose. See: awurnanka; jirripipi; nyarringari; mayimampi; wurrikiliki; -wati-. Category: Birds, Water birds, Food and cooking, Traditional food. Category: Birds, Water birds, Food and cooking, Traditional food.

nginingaji pukumwaka -ipujingami sing or speak with a bad voice. Morph: nginingaji 'like' + pukumwaka 'goose' + verb with incorporated form:‑ipujinga 'voice' + verb root:‑mi 'do' or 'say'. Lit: sing/speak like a magpie goose. Gram: can also use the other words for 'goose' Category: Talking or thinking.

pukumwani Variant: punkumwani; punkumani; pukumani. masculine noun. 1 • death ritual, taboo. relating to the death ceremonies; can refer to a person when a close relative dies (he or she is is under certain taboos, such as not being allowed to feed self or to move around much, also is painted up for a certain period); it can also refer to the house of the dead person (it is not used until it is 'smoked'); it can refer to the belongings of the dead person (they are disposed of after final ceremony, by burning, burying or throwing in the sea); it can refer to the dead person's country (it is closed to people for some time; it can refer the person's name (it or other names or words similar to are not to be used for some time); See: tuwutiya. Karri ngawa ngapipaya awarra yoyi ngini yiloti api ngawunyawu awarra purnuwu kangi winga. Waya juwa awungarruwu punkumwani awamparri. When we finish that final ceremony we throw the belongings of the dead person in the sea. That is the end of the pukumwani rituals. Karri ngarra pukumani a - wuni api ngajiti kularlaga awurraama. When he is pukumani he shouldn't walk around. Karri ngajiti pukumani a-marri-pa - ani karluwu kularlaga amajawantima. When he is (was) pukumani he shouldn't be (have been) walking around. Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p76ff. Category: Beliefs.

2 • sacred. has been extended to mean 'sacred' in the context of Christianity and the church. Category: Christian religion.

pukupunawu feminine noun. goose feather ball. used in ceremonies. Syn: tokwayinga, tuwunama, mantipunga. See: yilanjini; marinkwani. Note: Picture by Jennifer Lee Category: Traditional religion, Ceremonial objects.

pukupurala predicative. dirty. covered with mud; Syn: parruwartila. See: kiluwartila. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

-pukurruwa transitive verb root 1. punish wrong doer. Traditionally it was to settle dispute way by relatives punishing wrong doer by throwing spears at him. Morph: ‑pi‑'spear' +‑kurruwa 'finish off'. Yati pi-ri-pukurruwa. They threw spears at one man. (They punished one man). Category: Violence or impact.

pukwiyi₁ Variant: yipukwiyi; pukiyi. feminine noun. spirit, life, pulse. Syn: yiminga. Category: Sickness or injury and healing, Body parts and products.

pukwiyi₂ Variant: yipukwiyi; pukiyi. feminine noun. totem group, skin group. This is matrilineal, that is one's skin group is the same as one's mother's skin group. Syn: yiminga. Category: Traditional religion, Clan groups.

pukwiyi₃ Variant: yipukwiyi; pukiyi. feminine noun. sun. See: warnarringa; yiminga. Nyirra arnuka awungarri pukiyi. Ninganuwanga. Ji-ni-ri-kara. At that time there was no sun. Not yet. Just light. Category: Sky, Light. Category: Sky, Light.

kapi pukwiyi ampi-ni-p-apurti east. Lit: where the sun comes up. Syn: kapi yiminga ampi-ni-p-apurti. Note: Photo by Joy Naden Category: Direction or location.

-pula intransitive verb root 1. have weak legs. See: -ajingi; -majakojigi; -majirruningi-. pi-ri-pula they had weak legs. Nyirra waya karrawungana pili nyirra waya jiyi-pula. She was not able to (walk) because she had weak legs. Category: Sickness or injury and healing, Body functions or actions, Describing people or animals.

-pula See main entry: -pila. nominal suffix. belonging to a place.

-pula- incorporated form 1. knee. See: yimpula.

pulamara See main entry: pirlamara. adverb. secretly, hide what doing, sit down quietly (no trouble), peacefully.

pulaminga See main entry: pirlaminga. feminine noun. billy goat plum.

pulamora See main entry: pirlamara. adverb. secretly, hide what doing, sit down quietly (no trouble), peacefully.

-pulamugi transitive verb root 1. make ground level. Gram: + -pungi- 'ground' See: -piluwa. Category: Land or ground, Change of position or state.

pulamunga See main entry: pirlaminga. feminine noun. billy goat plum.

pulamwara See main entry: pirlamara. adverb. secretly, hide what doing, sit down quietly (no trouble), peacefully.

pulangi noun. box (cardboard), carton. Syn: jurrunga, kartuputi. Category: Introduced items.

pulangumaka See main entry: pulangumwaka. feminine noun. dog.F.

pulangumani See main entry: pulangumwani. masculine noun. dog.M.

pulangumawi See main entry: pulangumwawi. plural noun. dogs.

pulangumwaka Variant: pulangumaka. feminine noun. bitch, female dog.Masculine: pulangumwani. Plural: pulangumwawi. Syn: wanka, kitarringaka, pamilampunyinga. See: mirnuntika. Category: Animals, Mammals, Introduced animals.

pulangumwani Variant: pulangumani. masculine noun. dog, male dog. Syn: wankini, kitarringani, pamilampunyini.Feminine: pulangumwaka. Plural: pulangumwawi. See: mirnuntini. Note: Picture from 'Ngawurranungurumagi Nginingawila Ngapangiraga: Tiwi-English Dictionary' and photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Animals, Mammals, Introduced animals.

pulangumwawi Variant: pulangumawi. plural noun. dogs.Masculine: pulangumwani. Feminine: pulangumwaka. Syn: kitarringawi, wankuwi, pamilampunyuwi. Category: Animals, Introduced animals.

pularinga feminine noun. breasts (of a young woman without children). See: pularti; -pungini-. Category: Body parts and products.

pularti Variant: fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pulorti. masculine noun. 1 • milk. Category: Body parts and products, Food and cooking, Traditional food.

2 • breast. See: pularinga; -pungini-. Category: Body parts and products.

3 • 'breast' dance. performed at death ceremonies by the 'parents' and certain other relatives of the deceased. Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p31. Category: Traditional religion, Ceremonies.

pulartikimi masculine noun. legless lizard. Tiwi call it a snake. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p118 Category: Reptiles.

pulawujinga feminine noun. house. Syn: jampaka, kurrampali. See: -arumwi-; -ili-; -akiji-; -i-; -ma-; tangarima; japuja. Note: Picture from 'Ngawurranungurumagi Nginingawila Ngapangiraga: Tiwi-English Dictionary' and photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Buildings.

puli See main entry: purli. free form verb. be hurt (from being hit).

-puliga See main entry: -piliga. intransitive verb root 1. teach.

pulika Usage: Modern Tiwi. From: English. noun. bull, cow. Syn: jarrangini, pirama. See: jarranga; ampuwu; pwangilontingini; pulika; kuntiyani. Category: Animals, Introduced animals.

pulim Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. free form verb. Gram: May have Auxiliary verb with root: -mi pull. See: -kitikimi; -urruwa; -piyanguwa; -piyangirri; pulim. Category: Moving, Change of position or state.

pulimantaka See main entry: pirlumataka. feminine noun. root.

pulimat See main entry: pulimati. free form verb. pull out.

pulimataka See main entry: pirlumataka. feminine noun. root.

pulimati Variant: pulimat. Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. free form verb. pull out. See: tikimati; -ungwagi; -igi. Ngawa tikimat nga-ri-mi mipurra awinyirra miyaringa. Kiyi karri waya ngapapaya kiyi pulimat nga-ri-mi wulikija awinyirra. We take off the outer layer of the Pandanus. Then when we have finished, we completely strip the Pandanus. Category: Change of position or state.

puliminta Usage: Archaic ( old Old Tiwi ). noun. skin. Syn: mipurra, kurlugi, tawila, warlirra. Note: Photo from jazzia - Royalty Free License - Creative Category: Body parts and products.

pulingiya See main entry: purlingiya. free form verb. for someone to tremble or shake.

pulini Usage: Archaic ( old Old Tiwi ). Variant: yimpulini. noun. blood. Syn: majimpani, maninguwuli, kuwutari. Category: Body parts and products.

pulintika Variant: fe Þ Old_Tiwi: yipulintika; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: puluntika. feminine noun. lame female or female who walks slowly.Masculine: pulintini. Plural: pulintuwi. Ant: kalikalinga, tirimurruka. See: martakani; mamana; -pula; -ajingi; -majakojigi; jingamaringa. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pulintika pungintaga slow thinking female, female with slow brain. Lit: slow head.Masculine: pulintini pungintaga. See: pulintika. Ant: tiriwurrikunga. Category: Physical qualities.

pulintini Variant: puluntini; fe Þ Old_Tiwi: yipulintini. masculine noun. male who is slow at doing things, slow walker, can hardly walk.Feminine: pulintika. Plural: pulintuwi. Ant: kalikalini, tirimurrukuni. See: martakani; mamana; jingamarini; -pula; -ajingi; -majakojigi. Ngiya tirimurrikini. Nginja pulintini. I am fast. You are slow. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pulintini pungintaga slow thinking male, male with slow brain. Lit: slow head.Feminine: pulintika pungintaga. See: pulintini. Ant: tiriwurrikini. Category: Physical qualities.

pulintuwi Variant: puluntuwi; fe Þ Old_Tiwi: yipulintuwi. plural noun. lame people, people who walk slowly.Masculine: pulintini. Feminine: pulintika. Ant: tirimurrukuwi. See: martakani; mamana; -pula; -ajingi; -majakojigi; jingamaruwi. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

puliwunga Variant: puluwunga. feminine noun. female spirit child.Masculine: puliwuni. Plural: puliwuwi. Syn: putiputinga. See: karla; mapurtiti; warlamankini; yiminga; wakurtapa; yimanka; yirrungwarra; nyingani; payamarnuwa mankini; marrala; marakati; yamparriparri; yamurrutuwu. Category: Beliefs.

puliwuni Variant: puluwuni. masculine noun. mythical being of some kind, male spirit child.Feminine: puliwunga. Plural: puliwuwi. Syn: putiputini. See: karla, mapurtiti, warlamankini, yiminga, wakurtapa, yimanka, yirrungwarra, nyingani, payamarnuwa mankini, marakati, yamparriparri, yamurrutuwu; -marrala- (incorporated form). Category: Beliefs.

puliwuwi Variant: puluwuwi. plural noun. spirit children.Masculine: puliwuni. Feminine: puliwunga. Syn: putiputuwi. See: karla; mapurtiti; warlamankini; yiminga; wakurtapa; yimanka; yirrungwarra; nyingani; payamarnuwa mankini; marrala; marakati; yamparriparri; yamurrutuwu. Category: Beliefs.

puliyalinga See main entry: puliyarlinga.

puliyarlinga Variant: fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: puliyalinga. feminine noun. poisonous snake, King Brown snake. Pseudechis australis. lives in the mangroves and jungle. Syn: puliyarlingini. Ques: The difference between puliyarlinga and puliyarlingini. The difference is probably that of size, the female form being large and the masculine form being smaller. See: winyiwinyinga; taringa; taringini. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p121 Category: Snakes.

puliyarlingini Variant: fe Þ Modern-Tiwi: puliyalingini. masculine noun. King Brown snake. Pseudechis australis. Syn: puliyarlinga. Ques: The difference between puliyarlinga and puliyarlingini is probably that of size, the female form being large and the masculine form being smaller. Category: Reptiles, Snakes.

pulorti See main entry: pularti. masculine noun. milk, breast.

puluma noun. type of tree. Gmelina schlecteri. Anth: The timber is hard but buoyant. Men used to hollow out the trunks of large trees to make canoes. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p55 Category: Plants, Trees.

pulunga Variant: pulinga. noun. 1 • groin. Syn: wuripijirrima. Category: Body parts and products.

2 • 'groin' dance. performed at death ceremonies by those who call themselves 'mother' or 'father' of the deceased. See: pulini. Karri wuta wuripapaya wutilatuwu kapi wurimamula awinyirra wuta-miraninga, wuta yoyi wurimi pulinga. When they have finished then in turn those who call her niece, they dance the pulinga dance (holding their groin). Category: Traditional religion, Ceremonies.

puluntika See main entry: pulintika. feminine noun. woman who walks slowly.

puluntini See main entry: pulintini. masculine noun. male who is slow at doing things, slow walker, can hardly walk.

Puluntiwila See main entry: Piluntiwila. plural noun. N.E. Bathurst regional group.

puluntuwi See main entry: pulintuwi. plural noun. lame people, people who walk slowly.

-puluwa See main entry: -pipiluwa. intransitive verb root 1. place neatly, level.

puluwunga See main entry: puliwunga. feminine noun. spirit child (feminine).

puluwuni See main entry: puliwuni. masculine noun. mythical being of some kind, spirit child.

puluwuwi See main entry: puliwuwi. plural noun. spirit children.

pumpuka Variant: pupuka. feminine adjective. good, nice or (well female or feminine thing).Masculine: pumpuni. Plural: pumpuwi. Ant: jiringa. See: pijuwalinga; mijuwalinga; puranji. Category: Physical qualities, Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pumpuni Variant: pupuni. masculine adjective. good, nice, well (male or masculine thing).Feminine: pumpuka. Plural: pumpuwi. Ant: jirti. See: pijuwalini; mijuwalini; pura(n)ji. Awarra ngini pumpuni kitaranga a-ri-kirimi, api a-wunt-akirayi awuta kapi puruwunjuwi. A good man gets a lots of food and gives it to those who are sick. Category: Physical qualities, Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Describing things. Category: Physical qualities, Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Describing things. Category: Physical qualities, Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Describing things. Category: Physical qualities, Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Describing things. Category: Physical qualities, Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Describing things. Category: Physical qualities, Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Describing things.

pumpuni -akirlarruwa smell good. Morph: pumpuni 'good' + verb with root:‑akirlarruwa 'smell'. Awinyirra tinga yi-mangi-rr-angumurtigi kangi ngarra pungintaga ngawa-yuwuni awarra ngini pupuni yi-p-akirlarruwa. That woman poured out a good smelling liquid (oil) on our older brother's head.

pumpuni -muwu or -miringarra to love or like (someone or something). Morph: pumpuni 'good' fe: verb with root:‑muwu or‑miringarra 'sit'. Syn: puranji -muwu fe Þ or -miringarra; Ant: jirti -miringarra fe Þ or -muwu. See: -murrupupa. Ngawa-rringani yuwutimarti ngawa ngini pumpuni nga-wurru - muw-ajirri. God wants us to love one another. Api ngarra awarra pupuni nga-ri - muwu, pili ngarra minimarti. Well we like that one because he is generous. Category: Talking or thinking, Feeling.

pumpuni -muwu Usage: Modern Tiwi. be good, live good life. Ngarra wangata pupuni yi-pungi-muwu. He alone lived a good life. Category: Being.

more pumpuni Usage: Modern Tiwi.

pumpuni -mamuliya call oneself important or good, boast. See: -milurunji; -angirrajamiya; -wunguramiya.

pumpuni ngirramini good news, good things, good luck. Morph: pumpuni 'good' + ngirramini 'talk' + verb with root:‑akirayi 'give'. Category: Talking or thinking.

pumpuni yiminga -angirri breathe easily. Morph: pumpuni 'good' + yiminga 'breath' + verb with root:‑angirri 'send'. Ant: jiringa yiminga -angirri. See: yiminga. Category: Body functions or actions, Sickness or injury and healing.

pumpuninara adjective. only a little good, not very good. Morph: pumpuni 'good' +‑nara 'little bit'. Category: Adverbs.

pumpurupwarni masculine noun. roots of mangrove tree(s). above the ground. Category: Plants, Plant parts.

pumpuwi Variant: pupuwi. plural adjective. good people.Masculine: pumpuni. Feminine: pumpuka. See: pijuwaluwi; mijuwaluwii; papuranjuwi. Category: Non-physical qualities, Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

-pumunajirri intransitive verb root 1. be reconciled to each other. Ques: I have no record of -pumuni without -ajirri nyi-rra-pumun-ajirri be reconciled to each other! Category: Social behaviour.

pumurali feminine noun. lightning. Syn: mirratani. Note: Photo by: Suvro Datta http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/view photog.php?photogid=1023 Category: Weather.

-pumuriya₁ intransitive verb root 1. Gram: + Locative prefix be away, be absent. nyu-wuriyanyimi pili wuni-pumuriya All of you go because they (the owners) are away. Category: Being, Change of position or state. Category: Being, Change of position or state.

karrikamini -pumuriya know everything. Lit: nothing is absent from one. Gram: Old Tiwi: 'he' as subject and indirect object prefix as experiencer Karrikamini a-nginji-rra-pumuriya You know everything.

-pumuriya₂ intransitive verb root 1. be able to fix trouble. Category: Change of position or state.

pumurntiki See main entry: pimirntiki.

pumutinga Variant: pumwutinga; pumutunga. feminine noun. ashes. Syn: yarikatinga. See: kuwuni. Category: Food and cooking.

pumutingari Variant: pumwutingari. temporal word. season of year during the dry season kumurrupunari, following kimirrakinari. time when winds blow and dries the skin which becomes flakey like ashes. Morph: pumutinga 'ashes' +‑ari 'time of'. Read: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p7. Category: Time, Weather, Seasons.

pumutingika Variant: pumwutingika; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pumutiyika. feminine noun. woman who is covered in dust or ashes.Masculine: pumwutingini, pumutingini. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pumutingini Variant: pumwutingini. masculine noun. grey (colour), man who is covered in dust or ashes.Feminine Old Tiwi: pumutingika. Feminine - Modern Tiwi: pumutiyika. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pumutinyika feminine noun. Salmon Gum or Grey Gum. Eucalyptus alba. grows close to beach. See: pumutinga. Category: Plants, Trees.

pumutiyika See main entry: pumutingika. feminine noun. woman who is covered in dust.

pumutunga See main entry: pumutinga. feminine noun. ashes.

pumwanyinga feminine noun. thunder. See: mirratani; pumurali. Category: Weather.

pumwanyingari temporal word. season of year, during the build up season, tiyari, approximately September to December, before rains of wet season come. the time of thunder. Morph: pumwanyinga 'thunder' +‑ari ’time of’. Syn: kurukurari. See: pakitiringari. Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p41. Category: Weather, Time, Seasons.

pumwarninga feminine noun. small mangrove crab. Syn: maripumwarninga. See: kirimpika; wurlanga; numwakini; tarati; kirluwuka; kuluwuka; pujurripuka; nginama; tuwulingata arijilani; arijilaka; kiriwurrini; kiriwurrika. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p127 Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Crabs.

pumwutinga See main entry: pumutinga. feminine noun. ashes.

pumwutingari See main entry: pumutingari. temporal word. season of year.

pumwutingika See main entry: pumutingika. feminine noun. woman who is covered in dust.

pumwutingini See main entry: pumutingini. masculine noun. grey (colour), man who is covered in dust or ashes.

punangini See main entry: purnangini. 1 • free form verb. vomit.

2 • temporal word. short time.

punani See main entry: purnani. temporal word. short.time.

punarrika See main entry: purnarrika. feminine noun. Waterlily.

punarrikari See main entry: purnarrikari. noun. Waterlily leaves.

punaya See main entry: purnaya. temporal word. short time ago.

-punayuwi See main entry: -purnayuwi. kinship noun. spouses, wives, husbands;

-punga transitive verb root 1. cut. general cutting or just make 'sorry cuts' for blood-letting. See: -makanya; -wawurrini; -kirimi; -angintayamigi; katim. Kali, ngiyatuwu nyimpu-ngin-ta-punga pili nginta jana a-wurrumi. Come, and cut me because I feel sore. pirr-wuni-punga they cut them. Category: Cutting or breaking or tearing, Sickness or injury and healing.

pungalimakuntirri feminine noun. Bush Stone Curlew, Bush Thick Knee. Burhinus grallarius. wife of Purrukuparli in Tiwi legend. Syn: pima, wayayi. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p92 Category: Birds, Beliefs.

pungaluwila plural noun. Oyster clan. Syn: pajuwapurruwila. Category: Clan groups.

pungamparna feminine noun. bank of river or creek, top of beach where tide does not reach. See: pungaringawarna; jampinarla; tingata; wurrungalama; yartila; kuluwunila. Category: Land or ground.

-pungampuwa Variant: -puwapuwa; -pungapuwa. transitive verb root 1. hit lightly or tap on jaw/cheek, as in dancing. See: -ingirraga; -pungirraga; -pawurringipurugi; -pungipa; -punkilarrapugi; -mirijigi; -matingirraga -matingiripwalintiya. pi-ri-pungampuwa they hit him on the cheeks. Ji-yi-pungampuwa ngarra-purnayinga karri yoyi yi-marri-kijima. He hits his wife on the cheek when he is doing the mujini dance. Ngajiti nyimpa-j-apirni nginja-mwaringa manjanga. Nginta wanga yikara ta-puwapuwa. Don't hit your daughter with a stick. Only slap her cheek with your hand. Category: Violence or impact, Body functions or actions, Ceremonies, Violence or impact, Ceremonies, Body functions or actions.

-pungapuwa See main entry: -pungampuwa. transitive verb root 1. hit lightly or tap on jaw/cheek, as in dancing.

pungaringawana See main entry: pungaringawarna. masculine noun. dirt or stone cliff.

pungaringawarna Variant: pungaringawana; pingaringawarna; pingiringawarna. masculine noun. dirt or stone cliff. Syn: jampinarla. See: jipunyini; kurlimpiti; pungamparna; tingata; warriyanga. Note: Photo by Joy Naden Category: Land or ground.

-pungartigi transitive verb root 1. butter up or flatter someone. as when preparing to ask a favour. Lit: cool someone down. Wuta tiya yita mwani-pungartigi. they are just buttering you up. Category: Social behaviour, Talking or thinking.

pungilimpula free form verb. stop. See: -wunjarli. Category: Moving, Change of position or state.

pungimijiyarri See main entry: pungimitiyarri. masculine noun. Woollybutt tree.

pungimitiyarri Variant: pungimijiyarri; pungimitiyarrika. masculine noun. Woollybutt tree. Eucalyptus miniata. Syn: timirraringa, mantiyurlaka, pimuwurrantinga. See: mantiyurlani. Note: Photos from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p49 Category: Plants, Trees.

pungimitiyarrika See main entry: pungimitiyarri. masculine noun. Woollybutt tree.

-pungini- incorporated form 1. woman's breast. See: pularti; pularinga.

-punginiga Variant: -pungunuga. verb root 1. clear land, clean floor. See: -anginiga; -piyanginiga; -wapiyanginiga; -angurliga; -angininyimi; -kuruga; kilinim. Ninkiyi, ngump-ati-ri-punguniga kirija milimuka kangi nyirra amp-irti-y-amukurigi. Kiyi ngumpu-wuji-ngi-majirripi. Ninkiyi, awurlanari ngumpu-ngirri-ki-y-anginiga. Then in the morning we clear a small circle of land where the yam is put down (off the fire) Then we lie down. Then in the afternoon we clean up the yam. Anth: There are several steps left out in the talk about the kurlama ceremony Parta kiyi, piti-ri-ki-punginiga-mini pirri-pu-ngilimpangi-rr-unuk-ani kapi ngirawiyaka piti-ri-ki-pirn-ani. After in the evening that they used to clear the ground and sleep alongside each other in a line at the place where they used to perform the kurlama ceremony. Category: Change of position or state, Land or ground.

pungininginta See main entry: punginingita. numeral. five.

punginingita Variant: pinginingita; pungininginta; pingininginta. numeral. five. Note: Picture by artist at Murripurtiyanuwu Catholic School Category: Number and quantity.

punginingita yatawulungirri numeral. nine. Morph: punginingita ’five’ + yatawulungirri 'four'. Syn: punyipunyinga yati, punyipunyinga natinga. Category: Number and quantity.

punginingita yirrajirrima numeral. eight. Morph: punginingita ’five’ + yirrajirrima 'three'. Syn: punyipunyinga, kiringarra yirrara. Category: Number and quantity.

pungintaga Variant: pungitaga; fe Þ New_Tiwi:a pungintaa. noun. head. Syn: tuwuluwa. See: tuwuluwini; jarrinya; matingi-; -ilimati-; -mirli-. Note: Picture by artist at Murripurtiyanuwu Catholic School Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products.

pungintaga -ajapurnimaya turn mind to. Morph: pungintaga 'head' +‑ajapurnimaya 'turn self around'. See: pungintaga kawunaga; yoni pungintaga. Ngawa pungintaga a-wu-rra-y-ajapurnimaya ngini ngarra apangiraga, ngawa-rringani ngini kuriyuwu. We should turn our minds to what our Father above says. Category: Talking or thinking.

pungintaga -ma have headache or pain in forehead. See: tuwuluwuni. Category: Body functions or actions, Sickness or injury and healing.

pungintaga -minagi want to go somewhere. Morph: pungintaga 'head' + verb with root: minagi 'get ready'. Ngiya ngajiti ngimp-a-ngin-t-aji-y-akularligi waya kapi pungintaga a-ri-minagi. Don't try to change my mind from what I'm wanting to do. Lit: Don't try to turn me aside from where my head wants to go.. Category: Talking or thinking.

pungintaga -wini have an idea or a thought, think. Morph: pungintaga 'head' + verb with root:‑wini 'have'. See: -pungintayi. Ngarikarriki ngu-wini pungintaga ngini ngarra ngawa-rringani ngini kuriyuwu amintiya ngini ngiyampi ngiya-maninguwi piti-wuripura. I have two ideas (or thoughts) about our Father and about what my ancestors left behind. Category: Talking or thinking.

pungintaga -wurlimi be/become sane, sensible. Gram: 'he' as subject Morph: pungintaga ’head’ +‑wurlimi 'be cool'. Lit: head is cool. Parlingarri yu-wurtingirraga-mini api waya ningani yu-wurlimi pungintaga. Long ago he was mad but now he is sane. Category: Talking or thinking.

pungintaga aringampani -muwu Gram: 'he' as subject (pungintaga 'head') think right way or think correctly. Morph: pungintaga ’head’ + aringampani 'further on' + + verb with root:‑muwu 'sit'. Lit: head sits further on. Ant: pungintaga yintuwani -muwu. Pungintaga aringampani nga-wu-muwu. We should think the right way. Category: Talking or thinking.

pungintaga kawunaga -ma Gram: with ‘he’ as subject turn one's head towards. Morph: pungintaga ’head’ + kawunaga ’towards’ + verb with root:‑ma ’become’. Ques: It may be used in figurative sense, especially in context of turning towards God. See: pungintaga. Pungintaga kawunaga a-wurra-ama kapi ngawa-rringani. We should turn our heads towards our Father. Category: Moving, Change of position or state.

pungintaga yintuwani Gram: 'he' as subject (pungintaga 'head' think differently from others, think wrong way. It is normally considered a bad thing. Morph: pungintaga ’head’ + yintuwani 'behind' +‑muwu 'sit'. Lit: head sits behind. Ant: pungintaga aringampani -muwu. Ngajiti karrikuwani pungintaga yintuwani a-wa-ja-muwu. Noone should think a different (wrong) way. Category: Talking or thinking.

pungintaga yuwurimi be stubborn. Lit: head is hard. Syn: punyipunyi yuwurimi. Yita nuwa punngintaga yu-wurumi nginingaji waranga. You mob are stubborn. Lit: your brains are hard like stone. Category: Describing people or animals, Non-physical qualities.

pungintagama Variant: pungintagawama; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pungintaama. feminine noun. female with a big head, who knows everything, clever female. Morph: pungintaga ’head’ +‑(aw)ama 'INTENSIFIER (feminine)'.Masculine: pungintagamini. Plural: pungintagamuwi. Category: Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pungintagamini Variant: pungintagawamini; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pungintaamini. masculine noun. male with a big head, who knows everything, clever male. Morph: pungintaga ’head’ +‑(aw)amini ‘INTENSIFIER (masculine)’.Feminine: pungintagama. Plural: pungintagamuwi. Syn: arlanyawini, tiriwurrikini. See: pupuni or yingarti. Category: Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pungintagamuwi Variant: pungintagawamuwi; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pungintamuwi. plural noun. people with big heads, who know everything, clever people. Morph: pungintaga ’head’ +‑awamuwi 'INTENSIFIER (plural)'.Masculine: pungintagamini. Feminine: pungintagama. Category: Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pungintagawama See main entry: pungintagama. feminine noun. female with a big head, who knows everything, clever female.

pungintagawamini See main entry: pungintagamini. masculine noun. male with a big head, who knows everything, clever male.

pungintagawamuwi See main entry: pungintagamuwi. plural noun. people with big heads, who know everything, clever people.

pungintama See main entry: pungintagawama. feminine noun. female with a big head, who knows everything, clever female.

-pungintami Variant: -pungitami; -pungutami. intransitive verb stem 1. think. Morph: ‑punginti‑'ear' +‑mi 'say'. Syn: punyipunyi -ma, minyawunga -alamiya. See: -pungintayi; -mungimi; -akitirrari; jinkapati. Ninkiyi Abram kuwa yimi kangi ngawa-rringani api ngarra ngawa-rringani yi-pungutami ka ngatawamiya "Ngarra awarra Abram tuwulimiya amintiya pupuni," yimi ngawa-rringani. Then Abram obeyed our Father so our Father thought to himself, "Abram is straight and good," said our Father. Category: Talking or thinking.

pungintamini See main entry: pungintagamini. masculine noun. male with a big head, who knows everything, clever male.

pungintamuwi See main entry: pungintagamuwi. plural noun. people with big heads, who know everything, clever people.

-pungintayi Variant: -pungitayi; -pingintayi. transitive verb root 1. 1 • think about, consider or respect someone or something. Syn: -mingirrimanguga, -ajiruwarntigi -orlipirri. See: -pungintami, -mungimi, -akitirrari, punyipunyi, minyawunga; jinkapati. pi-ri-pungintayi they thought about him. Ngarra ngarra-mirani yu-warla-pungintay-ani. He used to think of his dead son. Kangi ngiya ruwuti nyimp-alamiya pili nginja nyimpu-ngini-pungintayi. I love you because you think about me. Ngirringani ngini nginja kuriyuwu, nginingaji ngawula arikutumurnuwi, api ngawa ngupu-rra-kirimi ngini nginja nginti-ma-ngin-ja-pungintayi pili nginja waya yati nginjila ngini ampu-nginji-liyawarntiyarri amintiya nginja warntirrana pupuni,. Our Father above, all of us make us think about you because you are the only one who is important and you are truly good. Ngiya-mantani yi-p-akirayi ngiya mirripaka amintiya ngiya karluwu ngi-ri-pungintayi ngiya-purnayinga amintiya ngiya-mamirampi. My friend gave me some beer and I did not think about my wife and children. Ngiya karluwu ngiyalamiya ngi-ri-pungintay-amiya pili ngi-ri-pungintayi yingwampa ngiya-mamanta. I don't think about myself because I think about others who are my friends. Category: Talking or thinking, Social behaviour. Category: Talking or thinking, Social behaviour.

-pungintayi kangi ... have grudge against someone. Ngiya arnuka karrikamini ngi-ri-pungintayi kangi nuwila I don't have anything against you.

2 • decide on. nginja awarra nyi-ri-pungintay-awu that's what you decided.

-punginti- Variant: -pungiti-; -apunginti-. incorporated form 1. ear. Ques: In some forms given in some examples, the incorporated form appears to be -apunginti, such as in -wayapungintirrakuriji See: mikanjanga. See: mikanjanga. See: mikanjanga. See: mikanjanga.

-marripunginti- hear. Morph: ma‑'with' +‑punginti‑'ear'. Ngiya-mamirampi awarra ngumpa-marripunginti-rr-angiraga pili pukumani pi-rri-ja-ma-j-awanti-muwu karri ngiya ampu-nginti-rr-arawumi. I say this for my children to hear in case they hold pukumani ceremonies when I die.

-marruwapungintirrakuriji whisper in someone's ear. Morph: ma‑'with' +‑wa‑’words’ +‑punginti ’ear’ +‑akuriji 'put hand in'.

yipungintupuranji man with good ears or who hears well. Morph: yi‑'he (PAST)' +‑punginti‑’ear’ +‑puranji 'good'.Feminine: jipungintupuranji.

-pungipa transitive verb root 1. hit in eye. Syn: -punkilirrapugi. See: -ingirraga; -pungirraga; -pawurringipurugi; -pungampuwa; -mirijigi; -matingirraga. pi-ri-pungipa they hit him in the eye. Karri ngarra yi-mini-pirni tangini api yi-mini-pungipa kapi pijara. When he hit me with a stick he hit me in the eye. Karri ngiya ngi-ri-pukirimi piranga api ngi-rri-pungip-amiya pijara. When I was cracking whelks I hit myself in the eye. Category: Violence or impact, Body functions or actions.

-pungipunga Transitive verb root 1. choose. Yingompa wawirruwi pirikirimi kurrampali, api purruwunyawu natinga kartirrikani, pili pirrarimi ngamparrimani jiringa. Wangini ngarra yoni jipungipunga awinyirra kartirrikani, jipakilingimugi, pili papurli yikirimi kapi ngangatawa kurrampali ngangi ayikirimami. Some men built a house and threw out a piece of timber, which they thought was no good. But another man chose that piece of timber and put it up to make a horizontal beam in the house he was staring to build. Category: Talking or thinking.

-pungirraga Variant: -pingirraga; -pungurraga. transitive verb root 1. hit on head. Syn: -ingirraga, -pawurringipurugi. See: -matingirraga; -pungampuwa; -pungipa; -punkilarrapugi; -mirijigi; -matingiripwalintiya. pi-ri-pungirraga they hit him on the head. Ngawa yilinga nyirra tuwara nga-ri-kitikimi, kiyi ngampi-ri-pungurraga. We pull the carpet snake by the tail and hit it on the head. Awarra yirrikipayi ngarra yirrinamila yi-pungirraga awarra kirijini. The crocodile hit the boy on the head with his snout. Ngarra yi-pungirraga awarra arlipwa kapi nginingatawa pungintaga. The coconut hit him on the head. Category: Violence or impact, Body functions or actions. Category: Violence or impact, Body functions or actions.

ampunganipungirraga the sun is high overhead. Morph: ampu‑'she‑NON‑PAST' + ngani‑'us' +‑pungirraga 'hit on head'. Lit: it hits us on the head.

pungitaga See main entry: pungintaga. noun. head.

-pungitami See main entry: -pungintami. intransitive verb stem 1. think.

-pungitayi See main entry: -pungintayi. transitive verb root 1. 1 • think about.

2 • decide on.

-pungiti- See main entry: -punginti-.

-pungitirumi intransitive verb root 1. know, remember. Syn: -mungurumi, -mungimajawu. Category: Talking or thinking.

-punguluwurri intransitive verb root 1. go along, crawl along (as of car). Gram: Only used in form for 'car' - purupunguluwurri Category: Moving.

-pungunuga See main entry: -punginiga. verb root 1. clear land, clean floor.

pungunuwu See main entry: pungurnuwu. masculine noun. belongings of person who has died.

pungurnuwu Variant: pungunuwu; purnuwu. masculine noun. belongings of person who has died. Anth: these are pukumani ('taboo') and are disposed of after the final death ceremony, by burning, burying or throwing in the sea (except larger things like vehicles, houses, which are 'smoked') Karri ngawa nga-p-ipaya awarra yoyi ngini yiloti api nga-wunyawu awarra purnuwu kangi winga. When we finish that final ceremony we throw the belongings of the dead person in the sea. Category: Traditional religion, Ceremonial objects.

-pungurraga See main entry: -pungirraga. transitive verb root 1. hit on head.

-pungutami See main entry: -pungintami. intransitive verb stem 1. think.

punikapama See main entry: purnikapama. adjective. fat woman.

punikapamini See main entry: purnikapamini. masculine noun. fat male.

punikapamuwi See main entry: purnikapampi. plural noun. fat people.

punimatinga feminine noun. ancilla shell. Category: Shellfish.

puniyarri See main entry: purniyarri. temporal word. before.

-punji- incorporated form 1. oyster. Gram: There is a link between this form and a following root or incorporated form: ngi- for class 1, ng- for class 3 and rr- for class 2. See: mirninguwuni; -onji-; -iliyangi; -pi-. Karri ngawa nga-mu-punji-ng-uriyi awarra mirninguwuni, nga-ri-m-awi, Ngarra yi-pungi-punji-rr-amart-ajirr-ani kangi warangini." When we go for oysters, we say, "Here are oysters stuck on the rocks."

punjiwi Usage: Archaic ( old Old Tiwi ). plural noun. many. Syn: tayikuwapi. Category: Number and quantity.

punkangini masculine noun. knife. Syn: yilati, kuwarrimpi. Note: Photo by Suat Eman - http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/view photog.php?photogid=151 Category: Things people make, Tools or utensils, Introduced items.

punkaringa Variant: pukaringa; pinkaringa; pikaringa. feminine noun. paperbark, paperbark tree. Melaleuca species. People used to use the papery bark (punkarti) for different things, such as a covering for a woman's pubic area, for lighting fires, as a covering when cooking food and to make waterproof wet season shelters. They used to use the trunks of large, straight trees to make dugout canoes. See: punkaringini; juma; punkarti; milawiyini; juwuni; -ilipi-. Api karri waya ngajinyitawa kwaka kiyana, api awungarri ngamp-amukurigi kapi awarra yangamini ngini nyirra wiyi ampu-ru-kuwulumi. Kiyi ngampi-ri-pujirra punkaringa amintiya tangini, pili wiyi rawaturrunga amintiya tayampi wu-wapa awinyirra kwaka. Well when all the Cycad nuts are cooked we put them in a hole to cool off. Then we cover it with paperbark and sticks otherwise the pigs and dingoes would eat it. Read: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p66. Category: Plants, Trees.

punkaringini Variant: pukaringini; pinkaringini; pikaringini. masculine noun. small paperbark tree; bark apron, book or paper; church or mass, week. See: jurra; punkaringa; punkarti; juma; juwuni; milawiyini. Wutatuwu mamirnikuwi piti-ri-kuripiya punkaringini. The women wore bark aprons. Ngarra parlingarri Paul yi-kirimi ngirramini kapi punkaringini api kiyi yu-wuni-y-angirri awarra punkaringini kapi ngarra-mamanta kapi wuta japuja Rome. Long ago Paul wrote a story on paper and then sent that paper to his friends who lived in Rome. Ngawa-rringani parlingarri yuwutiyarra nyoni prophet ngini awarra John api awarra prophet yikirimi kangi ngawa-rringani ngini-ngatawa punkaringini awarra ngirramini ngini awarra John. Our Father long ago told another prophet about John and that prophet wrote it down in our Father's book that story about John. [Romans 13 8-9] Partuwa ninganuwanga ngu-wunji-ngi-ma-rri-muwu ngiya-purnayi kiyi yirrara punkaringini. After that I stayed there with my husband for two weeks. [Tiwi Gospel book Luke 7:26-27] Note: Photos from Jennifer Lee Category: Plants, Trees, Introduced items, Christian religion, Time. Category: Plants, Trees, Introduced items, Christian religion, Time.

punkaringini -wakirimi or -kirimi (Modern Tiwi) write. Morph: punkaringini 'paper' +/‑‑wa‑’words’ +‑kirimi ’make’. Syn: jurra -wakirimi or -kirimi. Category: Holding or transfer.

punkarti Variant: pukarti. feminine noun. small piece of paperbark (bark itself). Syn: juwuni. See: punkaringa; punkaringini; milawiyini; juma; -ilipi-; -ingipi-; kurlugi; mipurra; mintawunga; puringimparri. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Plants, Plant parts.

-punkilarrapugi Variant: -pikilarrapugi. transitive verb root 1. hit in eye. Morph: ‑pu‑'victim' +‑kilarrapugi 'poke in eye'. Syn: -pungipa. See: -ingirraga; -pungirraga; -pawurringipurugi; -pungampuwa; -mirijigi; -matingirraga. yi-mini-punkilarrapugi he hit me in the eye. Ngiya yuwurli nginti-ri-pukirimi api kutupi yi-mini-ri-pi, yi-mini-punkilarrapugi. I chopped into the tree for mangrove worms, and it (a slither of wood) jumped up and hit me in the eye. Category: Violence or impact, Body functions or actions.

punkirika Variant: pukirika. feminine noun. greedy woman.Masculine: punkirini. Plural: punkiripi. Category: Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

punkirini Variant: pukirini. masculine noun. greedy man.Feminine: punkirika. Plural: punkiripi. Ant: minimarti. Ngawa ngarimamula awarra punkirini pili ngarra apamulapa yinkiti api karluwu awuntakirayi yingwampa. We call that one greedy because he keeps food for himself and doesn't give to others. Category: Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

punkiripi Variant: pukiripi. feminine noun. greedy people.Masculine: punkirini. Feminine: punkirika. Category: Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

punkirrimiyinga feminine noun. mirror. See: pajuma. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Introduced items.

punkumani See main entry: pukumwani. masculine noun. death ritual, taboo.

punkumwaka See main entry: pukumwaka. feminine noun. goose.

punkumwani See main entry: pukumwani. masculine noun. death ritual, taboo.

punkwarinyuwi plural noun. Stingray clan. Syn: wuranjawi. Category: Clan groups.

punkwati noun. vagina. Syn: yimwara, ngotiniyi. See: -mirri-. Category: Body parts and products.

puntaninga Variant: purtaninga. feminine noun. rainbow, Rainbow serpent. Syn: marriji, ampiji. See: puntangini. Note: Photo (1) by Kane Gledhill - http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/view photog.php?photogid=576; (2) by Jennifer Lee Category: Beliefs, Environment, Sky, Weather.

puntaningini Variant: putaningini. masculine noun. small rainbow. Syn: marrijini, ampijini. Category: Sky.

puntinga See main entry: puntunga. feminine noun. catfish.

puntunga Variant: puntinga; pintinga. feminine noun. catfish. Arius spp.. Syn: pirnikinga. See: pirninginka. Note: Photo from Tony Rodd’s photostream (5,700) Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Fish.

punyika Variant: pinyika. feminine noun. immature Black-faced Cuckoo Shrike. Ques: Or is this just an abbreviation of arlipunyika? See: arlipunyika. Read: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' pp 94, 99, 154. Category: Birds.

punyipungimi noun. very low tide, neap tide, outgoing tide. Syn: yirrinkirani. See: arlumpwarni; yilumpwarni; jaliwuni; mangulumpwarni; yirripuwata; wapi; yirringarawini. Note: Photo by Joy Naden Category: Water, Sea.

punyipunyi Variant: punyupunyi. noun. brain, mind. See: pungintaga; -mingi-; punginti-. Ngirringani ngi-minyu-wayorri ngini mapurtiti ngini ngiya a-wa-ri-miringarra kangi ngiya punyipunyi api awarra ta-nyawu. Father, I ask you to do away with that sin (or devil) that tries to live in my brain. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products. Category: Body parts and products.

punyipunyi -kilira understand. Morph: punyipunyi 'brain' + verb with root:‑kilira 'spread out'. Lit: brain spreads out. See: -wayakurluwunyi. yi-kilira ngini wuta punyipunyi they understood.

-wujiliyarra punyipunyi work out something, think through something. Lit: 'brain talks'. (wu)-wujiliyarra punyipunyi they are working things out. Ngiya ngu-wujiliyarra punyipunyi pili arnuka ngin-ta-mungurumi-nara. I'm thinking things through because I don't know much.

punyipinyi -matingiri-kiringayi believe what told, obey. Gram: direct object as experiencer + ‘he’ as subject (punyipunyi) Morph: punyipinyi ’brain' +/‑‑matingiri‑’head' +‑kiringayi ’scratch'. Lit: brain scratches head. Ngajiti punyipunyi a-wa-ngan-matingiri-kiringayi kapi wuta wa-ngani-kiyarri. We shouldn't believe/obey those ones who lie to us.

punyipunyi -ma think. Morph: punyipunyi 'brain' + verb with root:‑ma 'become'. Syn: minyawunga -alamiya. See: -pungintayi; -pungintami; -mungimi; -akitirrari; jinkapati. Category: Talking or thinking.

pumpuni or yingarti punyipunyi -wini be clever or smart. Morph: pumpuni 'good' or yingarti 'lots' + punyipunyi 'brains' +‑wini 'have'. See: pungintagamini; arlanyawini; tiriwurrikini. Wuta pirr-a-ri-pirni awinyirra kwarikwaringa, api karluwu pili nyirra yirrima ampi-la, amintiya yingarti punyipunyi ampi-ni, api kaparli pi-ri-kirim-ani awinyirra. They tried to kill Kwarikwaringa (the butterfly) but they couldn't because she flew away, and she was smart and they kept missing her.

punyipunyi -wurimi be stubborn. Morph: punyipunyi 'brain' + verb with root:‑wurimi 'be hard'. Gram: 'he' as subject Lit: brains are hard. Yita nuwa punyipunyi yuwurumi nginingaji waranga. You mob are stubborn ('your brains are hard like stone').

punyipunyi -amulijipa or -umwari or -kilimigi be foolish, make no sense, be brainless. Morph: punyipunyi ’brain’ +‑amulijipa 'disppear' or‑umwari 'leave' or‑kilimigi. Ques: I have not found any other instances of -kilimigi. See: punyipunyi. Ngarra waya punyipunyi yi-p-amulijipa (or yi-min-ta-mwari) pili ngarra yingarti arimangapa mirripaka. He is brainless now because he drinks a lot of beer. Ngiya waya yi-p-amulijipa (or yi-min-ta-mwari or yi-min-ta-kilimigi) punyipunyi. I am brainless now. Karluwu ngiya ngu-ma-ta-pirtangaya nginja pili nginja waya yi-minj-umwari ngininginjila punyipunyi. I am not listening to because you are not making sense. Category: Talking or thinking, Being.

arnuka(-nara) punyipunyi -wini be foolish, not clever. Morph: arnuka(‑nara) 'not much' + punyipunyi 'brain' + verb with root:‑wini 'have'. Lit: to have not much brain. See: punyipunyi. "Tani nuwa kapi arnuka kuwa ngu-rra-y-ipujinga-mi awarra ngini ngiya ngirri-p-angiraga-mini, api nuwa awuta ngwiyi awungani ngimpi-ri-mi nginingaji awarra tini ngini arnuka-nara punyipunyi yi-rri-ni, ngini ngarra yi-kirimi kurrampali kangi kurluwagaluwu," yimi ngawa-yuwuni. "But you who don't obey what I have said, well you will be like that foolish man who built his house on sandy land," said our Older Brother.

punyipunyi jirti -ma go mad. Morph: punyipunyi 'brain' + jirti 'bad' + verb with root:‑ma 'become'. See: jamaningini; -kiliwurti; -wurtingirraga; -ukurani-.

jirti punyipunyi papi yimi have bad ideas. Morph: jirti 'bad' + punyipunyi 'brains' + papi 'arrive' + yimi 'he did'. Syn: jirti punyipunyi -wuni.. Awarra kulapungawini api jirti punyipunyi papi yimi. He was a nasty man and he had bad ideas.

punyipunyi kunji Usage: Modern Tiwi. dull-witted, fuzzy-headed. Lit: brain closed.

maka punyipunyi arimuwu can't (you) understand? Morph: maka 'where?' + punyipunyi 'brain' + arimuwu 'he sits/lives'. Lit: where does (your) brain sit/live?. Nuwa maka punyipunyi a-ri-muwu? Can't you mob understand? Category: Talking or thinking.

yoni/nyoni punyipunyi -ma change one's mind. Morph: yoni/nyoni 'different' + punyipunyi ve:'brain' +‑ma 'become'. Syn: yoni/nyoni pungintaga -ma.. Ngarra nyoni punyipunyi yima ngini ngarra a-ma-rri-pu-wariyi jarrikarlani. He changed his mind about going for turtle.

yoni punyipunyi -wunyayi be tempted. Morph: yoni 'different' + punyipunyi 'brain' + verb with root:‑wunyayi 'find'. Gram: 'he' as subject Lit: different brain finds one. See: -wurtiyajura. ngwiyi yoni punyipunyi yi-rri-nginja-nyayi you could be tempted.

punyipunyinga numeral. eight. Syn: kiringarra yirrara, pungininginta yirrajirrima. See: punyipunyi. Category: Number and quantity.

punyipunyinga natinga numeral. nine (feminine).Masculine: punyipunyinga yati. Syn: punginingita yatawulungurri. Category: Number and quantity.

punyipunyinga yati numeral. nine (masculine).Feminine: punyipunyinga natinga. Syn: punginingita yatawulungurri. Category: Number and quantity.

punyupunyi See main entry: punyipunyi. noun. brain, mind.

punyuwini See main entry: pinyiwini. kinship noun. wife's mother's brother.

pupuka See main entry: pumpuka. feminine adjective. good, nice or well female or feminine thing.

pupuluwurri See main entry: purupunguluwurri. feminine noun. motor vehicle, car, truck.

pupungilirri See main entry: pipingilirri. masculine noun. Sulphur-crested Cockatoo (male).

pupuni See main entry: pumpuni. good.

pupurrupwani Variant: pupwurrupwani. masculine noun. mangrove sticks which stick up in mud from the artama tree. See: artama. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p26 Category: Plants, Plant parts.

pupuwi See main entry: pumpuwi. plural adjective. good people.

pupwurrupwani See main entry: pupurrupwani. masculine noun. mangrove sticks.

-puraga intransitive verb root 1. bash on ground to break. See: -pijigi; -puwuta; -piyalingigi; pijirimiga; pwamiga. Parlingarri yati tini ngarra yintanga Murntakuritawumi jiyi-ma-rru-puraga jurntuma pili yu-wamini-y-angiraga ngini pu-rru-wanja minta. Long ago one man whose name was Murntakuritawumi smashed up jurntuma ('oak leaf fern') because he said he had no minta ('Xamia Palm nuts') to share with people. Category: Violence or impact, Cutting or breaking or tearing.

puraji See main entry: puranji. predicative. good (in general).

puranji Variant: puraji. predicative. good (in general).Plural: papuranjuwi; occurs in a number of compounds. Gram: not normally used in singular as adjective. Syn: pu(m)puni, pu(m)puka. See: kurrupuranji; yirrikupuranji; jikupuranji, pijuwalini, mijuwalini. Category: Physical qualities, Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals. Category: Physical qualities, Non-physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

puranji -miringarra or -muwu love or like. Morph: puranji 'good' + verb with root:‑miringarra or‑muwu 'sit'. Lit: sit good. Syn: pumpuni -miringarra fe Þ or -muwu; Ant: jirti -miringarra fe Þ or -muwu. See: -wutimarti. Ngawa-rringani ngini kuriyuwu yinipangirri ngarra-mirani pili ngarra puranji yi - muwu ngawa. Our Father above sent his son here because he loved us. Category: Talking or thinking.

-purarri intransitive verb root 1. open something. Syn: -wampurtuwa, -wuningampurtuwa, apunimi. See: -awupura. pi-ri-purarri they opened something. Ngiya ngiripurarri awinyirra tuwa/door/kunji. I opened the door. Category: Change of position or state.

purarrini free form verb. froth or foam, churn up (in sea). See: jikiringa; jikira; mangijikira. Purarrini yi-kirimi awarra arlumpwarni. The tide churned the water up. Category: Describing things, Change of position or state.

-purataga transitive verb root 1. touch forehead. as on Ash Wednesday or at baptism. Gram: May have -ku- 'ashes' See: -wuningiya; -kupurataga. piripurataga they touched him on the forehead. Ngawa-rringani a-muwuni-ku-purataga pumutinga. Father touches our foreheads with ashes. Category: Holding or transfer, Christian religion.

-puratagamiya See main entry: -puratamiya. reflexive verb stem 1. cross oneself.

-puratamiya Variant: -puratagamiya. reflexive verb stem 1. cross oneself. with sign of the cross. Morph: ‑purataga 'touch forehead' +‑amiya 'self'. See: -purataga. Api ngarratuwu Patakijali yipuratamiya nginingatawa yikara kangi pipwa amintiya ngimpala. So Father Gsell made the sign of the cross. Lit: touched his hands to his forehead, his chest and shoulders.. Category: Christian religion.

puratuwuka feminine noun. possum. Syn: wuninga, kurruma, wuruwanjinga. See: kwangapi; marrikwalimpi; wuningini; kwangiringa; arringiya; mirini; pwaliwiyi. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Animals, Mammals.

purijirringa See main entry: purinjirringa. 1 • feminine noun. tree (general), log, pole.

2 • free form verb. carve wood.

-purimagi intransitive verb root 1. stamp on, flatten. Category: Body functions or actions, Violence or impact. Category: Body functions or actions, Violence or impact.

-wapurimagi to say (word) correctly, pronounce correctly; to know how to speak properly. Morph: ‑wa‑'words' +‑purimagi 'flatten'. Note: Picture by artist at Murripurtiyanuwu Catholic School

purimaji Usage: Modern Tiwi. From: English. free form verb. Gram: May have Auxiliary verb with root: -mi promise. Category: Talking or thinking.

puringimparri Variant: fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: purungiparri. feminine noun. piece of Stringybark. Syn: puyinga. See: mulilinga; jukwartirringa; mintawunga; -ingipi-; punkaringini. Category: Plants, Plant parts.

purinjirringa Variant: purijirringa. 1 • feminine noun. tree (general), log, pole;Plural: purinjirringuwi. Syn: taka. See: wantanga; purinjiti. Category: Plants, Trees.

2 • free form verb. carve wood. Syn: taka -kirimi. See: -kiringirri. Ngarra purinjirringa yi-kirimi ngini yirrikipayi yi-kiringirri. He carved the wood so that it was like a crocodile. Note: Photo by Marie Godfrey Category: Things people make, Art, Traditional religion.

purinjirringuwi Usage: Modern Tiwi. plural noun. trees.Singular: purinjirringa 32-33. Kiyi ngawa-yuwuni Jesus amintiya ngarra-mamanta purru-wuriyi kapi awarra murrakupuni kapi awungarruwu yingarti purinjirringuwi. Wuta pi-ri-mamula awarra murrakupuni Gethsemane. Then our older brother and his friends went to a place where there were a lot of trees. they called that place Gethsemane. Category: Plants.

purinjiti masculine noun. stick, message stick, barb. See: tangini; panka; wulingaringa. Karri ngiya jana a-mini-nyayi api awungarri purinjiti ngimpa-kirimi. When I get sick I will make a message sick. Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p74. Category: Plants, Plant parts, Things people make.

purirringa See main entry: pirirringa. feminine noun. mangrove tree.

purli Variant: puli. free form verb. be hurt (from being hit). See: purlingiya. Arramukuwani yipirni api ngarra purli yi-pi. Someone hit him and he was hurt. Category: Violence or impact.

purlingiya Variant: fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pulingiya. free form verb. Gram: Old Tiwi: + verb with root: -ma, Modern Tiwi: + verb with root: -mi for someone to tremble or shake. See: purli; -wamiripungi. Ngarra yu-wa-nguwuni-ku-kuwuna, api karluwu, pili ngawa pakinya nginti-ri-ki-y-awuriji kangi mirriparinga. Awungarruwu purlingiya nginti-ri-ki-ma-mini. He tried to chase us but couldn't catch us, because we first ran into the mangroves. We stayed there trembling. Category: Body functions or actions, Body functions or actions, Feeling. Category: Body functions or actions, Body functions or actions, Feeling.

purlingiya -wawurrima for stomach to rumble, have deep emotion ( e.g.. sadness, longing for something). Morph: purlingiya 'tremble' +‑wawurri‑'stomach' +‑ma 'do'. Lit: stomach trembles. Ngiya purlingiya ngu-wawurri-ma pili pariwani. My stomach is rumbling because I'm hungry. Category: Body functions or actions.

-purliya intransitive verb root 1. be very sick and about to die, terminably ill. See: -wunji-, -wulupuwanji-; jana. ngiya ngi-yi-purliya-mami I'm very sick and think I'm going to die. Category: Sickness or injury and healing.

purlunuwi From: English. noun. balloons. Category: Introduced items.

purnangini Variant: punangini. free form verb. vomit. Syn: julurli or wiringarni -mi. Nyirra purnangini jiyimi awinyirra kiyijinga pili ju-wapa kumapwara yinkiti. The little girl vomited because she ate unripe food. Category: Body functions or actions, Sickness or injury and healing.

purnangini temporal word. short time. about a day. Syn: purnani. Category: Time.

purnani Variant: fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: punani. temporal word. short time. about a day. Syn: purnangini. Purnani ngarra ngiya-rringani yi-p-angiji Pularumpi. My father visited Pularumpi for a day. Ngawa tiya purnani ngimpi-ri-muwu awungarra naki murrakupuni. Nginingaji ngawula pajuwani. We only live on earth for a short time. We all die. Category: Time.

purnarrika Variant: punarrika. feminine noun. Waterlily. Nymphaea violacea. People use the stems for breathing when underwater, also for sucking up nectar from flowers. The roots can be eaten. Syn: malaritinga. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p69 Category: Plants, Plant parts.

purnarrikari Variant: punarrikari. noun. Waterlily leaves. Morph: purnarrika 'Waterlily' +‑ari '?'. See: purnarrika. Category: Plants, Plant parts.

purnaya Variant: fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: punaya. temporal word. short time ago, yesterday, a few days ago. See: purniyarri; awurlaga; nangunji; nangunjinara; mirnamirniyarri; parlingarri. Wuta purnaya piri-warnti yinkiti. They ate food together (or shared food) a few days ago. Category: Time.

-purnayi kinship noun. husband. Anth: Term of reference (when talking about the person). When talking with a woman about her husband the term of reference used is normally muwa-mantani or muwa-mani 'yours and my male friend' or 'husband'.Feminine: -purnayinga. Plural: -purnayuwi. Term of address (when talking to the person): ngupurnayi. Category: Kin terms.

-purnayinga kinship noun. wife. sometimes used by woman for her brother's wife; Anth: Term of reference (when talking about the person). When talking with a man about his wife the term of reference used is normally muwa-mantanga 'yours and my female friend'.Masculine: -purnayi. Plural: -purnayuwi. Term of address (when talking to the person): ngupurnayinga. Category: Kin terms.

-purnayuwi Variant: fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: -punayuwi. kinship noun. spouses, wives, husbands;Masculine: -purnayi. Feminine: -purnayinga. Category: Kin terms.

purnikapa Variant: purninkapa. masculine noun. meat, flesh, (including flesh of nuts); body, wood (of tree). Syn: yinjulota, tawuniyampa. See: yawurrupuyini. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Body parts and products, Food and cooking, Traditional food, Food and cooking. Category: Body parts and products, Food and cooking, Traditional food, Food and cooking. Category: Body parts and products, Food and cooking, Traditional food, Food and cooking. Category: Body parts and products, Food and cooking, Traditional food, Food and cooking. Category: Body parts and products, Food and cooking, Traditional food, Food and cooking.

jirti purnikapa -mi Usage: Modern Tiwi. feel bad, feel no good. as when we are under pressure, or on hearing that someone is talking about one. Morph: jirti 'bad' purnikapa 'flesh' + verb with root:‑mi 'be'. Ngiya jirti purnikapa ngi-ri- mi. I feel bad.

jirti purnikapa -ma Usage: Modern Tiwi. have a bad conscience or feel guilty (about something). Morph: jirti 'bad' purnikapa 'flesh' + verb with root:‑mi 'be'.

jirti -mi kangi purnikapa Usage: Modern Tiwi. have a bad conscience or feel guilty (about something). Morph: jirti 'bad' + verb with root:‑mi + kangi 'in' purnikapa 'bad'. Gram: with 'he' as subject prefix Syn: jirti purnikapa -ma.

-wungilipangiwurimamiya purnikapa for body to be stiff. Morph: verb with incorporated form:‑wingilipangi‑'sleep' +‑wurimi 'be hard' +‑amiya ’self’ + purnikapa 'body/flesh'. a-wungilipangirumamiya purnikapa nginingaji ngatawa arimi awarra ngiya-mirani My son's body becomes stiff all over.

purnikapama Variant: punikapama; fe Þ Old_Tiwi: purnikapawama. feminine noun. fat female. Morph: purnikapa 'flesh' +‑a(wa)ma INTENS(fem).Masculine: purnikapamini. Plural: purnikapampi, purnikapamuwi. See: pwamunga. Note: Photo from Michelle Meiklejohn - www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/view photog.php?photogid=901 Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

purnikapamini Variant: punikapamini; fe Þ Old_Tiwi: purnikapawamini. masculine noun. fat male. Morph: purnikapa 'flesh' +‑a(wa)mini INTENS(masc).Feminine: purnikapama. Plural: purnikapampi, purnikapamuwi. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

purnikapampi Variant: purnikapawamuwi; punikapamuwi. plural noun. fat people.Masculine: purnikapamini. Feminine: purnikapama. See: pwamirrikuwi. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

purnikapawama See main entry: purnikapama. feminine noun. fat female.

purnikapawamini See main entry: purnikapamini. masculine noun. fat male.

purnikapawamuwi See main entry: purnikapampi. plural noun. fat people.

purnimpurni See main entry: purnipurni. 1 • noun. spring (of water), spray, bubbling.

2 • free form verb. bubble, boil.

purninkapa See main entry: purnikapa. masculine noun. meat, flesh.

purnipaka See main entry: pirnipaka. feminine adjective. bad, rotten, or decayed feminine thing.

purnipani See main entry: pirnipani. masculine adjective. bad, rotten, decayed.

purnipurni Variant: purnimpurni. noun. spring (of water), spray, bubbling. Category: Water. Category: Water.

purnipurni -mi bubble, boil. See: -majungwani; poyilim. Purnipurni ampi-ji-ngi-mi mangarla. The tea is boiling. Note: Photo by Joy Naden Category: Physical qualities.

purniyarri Variant: fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: puniyarri. temporal word. before, some time ago, previously. longer ago than purnaya but not as long ago as parlingarri. Gram: often used in answer to someone's question as to whether something has happened yet. It usually occurs with waya 'now' See: purnaya; parlingarri; awurlaga; nangunji; nangujinara; mirnamirniyarri. Purniyarri ngiya pwangipwangi ngirimani api waya karluwu ningani. Some time ago I used to smoke but not now. Purniyarri waya muwiyati murumukumuwu yirnukuni. I have been with you a long time. Category: Time.

purnuwu See main entry: pungurnuwu. masculine noun. belongings of person who has died.

purrakurninga See main entry: pirrakirninga.

purramanta See main entry: putumanta. noun. suitcase, case.

purrampurrama See main entry: pirrampirrama. feminine noun. Masked Lapwing, Plover.

-purranjila intransitive verb root 1. trap. Wuta mirruti piri-ma-j-ingi-purranjila. They trapped (the fish) with a net. Category: Hunting or fishing.

purrapurrama See main entry: pirrampirrama. feminine noun. Masked Lapwing, Plover.

purrawurrika feminine noun. small succulent bush. This word refers to a variety of small bushes with succulent leaves that grow on salt pans and areas behind mangroves. Note: Photo from 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p28 Category: Plants.

purrikiki Variant: purrukiki. free form verb. dig a big hole (as for yams). See: -kurunguni; tikinimi. Karri ngawa nga-ri-kurungumi muranga purrikiki nga-ri-mi, ngamp-ilimaji-rr-awuriji pungitaga yilaruwu kangi yangamini. When we dig for muranga yams we dig out a big hole and put our heads right inside. Note: Photo by Marie Godfrey Category: Change of position or state.

purrikikini Variant: purrukukuni. masculine noun. Rufous Owl. Nionox rufa;. ngarra-purnayinga pinjoma 'his wife is the pinjoma owl'. See: pinjoma; jurrukukuni; kurlamikimi; jupurtumpuni; kuwiyini; alawuntawini; arlantirrikini. Category: Birds, Owls.

purrimaringa See main entry: pirrimaringa. feminine noun. old woman, ancestress, female ancestor.

purrimarti See main entry: pirrimarti. masculine noun. old man, male ancestor.

purrokurninga See main entry: pirrakirninga.

purru- See main entry: pirri-. verb prefix. Gram: 1st order of verbal prefixes – subject-tense

purrukiki See main entry: purrikiki. free form verb. dig a big hole (as for yams).

purrukukuni See main entry: purrikikini. masculine noun. Rufous owl.

-purruliga intransitive verb root 1. dress hair (with ochre or fat). pi-ri-purruliga they dressed their hair with ochre. Ngarra yi-purruliga yaringa pili ngarra wurnantani. He dressed his hair with red ochre because he had lost his child. Note: Photo from Tiwi Lang Council archives Category: Traditional religion, Body functions or actions.

purrumaringa See main entry: pirrimaringa. feminine noun. Masked Lapwing, Plover.

purrumarti See main entry: pirrimarti. masculine noun. old man, male ancestor.

purrumpa Variant: purrupa. noun. oil from skin. Wangini pakinya ampapika purrumpa kangi jangarla amintiya kangi murrupunga. First he rubs oil from his body into the depression and on the sharp end (of the firestick). Category: Body parts and products.

purrumwara noun. front half of spear - with point & barbs. Ngarra purrupumwara arawinikiri ju-wawurrini. He broke off the front half of the doubled barbed spear. Category: Weapons (including for hunting).

purrupuli From: English. noun. football. Syn: yiloga. See: tawuka; wurama. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Introduced items, Playing.

purrupurruka feminine noun. dilly bag. Originally paperbark. See: palaji. Category: Things people make, Baskets and bags.

purruputurruma noun. snail. Syn: wuripijirringa, kawunga. Note: Picture from CD disk - BUGS from Marshall Publishing Ltd. - snail Category: Insects and spiders.

purruruti masculine noun. moonfish. Syn: kurrumarni. Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Fish.

purruti masculine noun. Osprey. Pandion haliaetus.. Syn: nguntirrini, piparanyini. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p101 Category: Birds, Birds of prey.

purtaka Variant: putaka. feminine noun. woman bereaved of sibling. those siblings sharing one mother's mother (or mother's mother's sister) with deceased - so sharing same yiminga (mother's mother's totem);Masculine: purtani. Plural: papurtawi, purtawi. Category: People, Human status.

-purtangaya See main entry: -pirtangaya.

purtani Variant: putani. masculine noun. man bereaved of sibling (his brother or sister has died). those siblings sharing one mother's mother (or mother's mother's sister) with the deceased person - so sharing same yiminga (mother's mother's totem);Feminine: purtaka. Plural: papurtawi, purtawi. Category: People, Human status.

purtaninga See main entry: puntaninga. feminine noun. rainbow, rainbow serpent.

purtapurta feminine noun. Nankeen Night Heron. Nycticorax caledonicus.. Syn: yakingiya, araka. See: pawunga; jongijongini; kararrunga; wulipankini. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p104 Category: Birds, Water birds.

purtapurtinga Variant: pirtapirtinga. noun. hiccough. Syn: jukupuninga, kununga. See: arlijanga. Category: Body functions or actions.

purtatinga See main entry: pirtajinga. feminine noun. boil.

purtawi See main entry: papurtawi. plural noun. people bereaved of sibling.

purtiki See main entry: purtukwi. noun. thick type bush honey, treacle.

-purtimi See main entry: -pirtimi. feminine verb root 1. 1 • be facing each other.

2 • be promised wife.

purtini masculine noun. stick. long, like a spear. used for hunting geese. Syn: milingani. See: tangini; purinjiti; -kiji-. Ninkiyi, purtini pi-ri-kij-awurrin-ani, pi-ri-ma-rri-kiji-y-it-ani. Pi-ri-kiji-nyaw-ani, ninkiyi piti-ri-pirn-ani awinyirra wurrukuliki. Milingani yurta piti-ri-ma-mini, ninkiyi ji-ni-p-awulig-ani yakuluwuni. Then they would cut a stick from a small mangrove tree and would stand with it. They would throw the stick and they would hit the goose. They would hit it on one wing with the stick and it would fall to the ground. Category: Plants, Plant parts.

purtuki See main entry: purtukwi. noun. thick type bush honey, treacle.

purtukwi Variant: purtuki; yiputuki; purtiki. noun. thick type bush honey, treacle. Syn: jalingini, yinjuparrura, yoyinkimi. See: yingwati; tawurati; jamulanjini; yimpara; payawankula; jipiyinkimi; mawungunya; ngartankula; yuwurama kitirrala. Ques: yingwati is the general term and it is the one most people know and use. There are several other terms for various types of 'bush honey' or 'sugarbag'. I have not personally verified the meanings given for each word. Category: Food and cooking, Traditional food.

-purtuwa intransitive verb root 1 / transitive verb root 1. break off, split, tear. See: -marrartipiya; -makanya; -wawurra; -angintaya; -marrartipigi; -angintayamigi; -wawurrini; -wunungurra -wunungurrini; torawu. nga-ri-punjingi-purtuwa kurrijuwa we break off the oysters with an axe. Category: Cutting or breaking or tearing. Category: Cutting or breaking or tearing.

-ilipurtuwa tear cloth.

-purugi feminine verb root 1. rub grass or vine on l e.g. to make string or rope. piti-ri-purug-ani they used to rub alapanjiya (type of vine) on l e.g. to make rope. Category: Change of position or state.

-purumagi Old Tiwi: feminine verb root 1, Modern Tiwi: intransitive verb root 1. be tied up, be fastened, fasten. Syn: -kimirna, aruwurriga, -kirimi. piripurumagi they fastened it. Karluwu puranji ji-ja-purumagi api awarra ji-p-apirla. It wasn't fastened well so it became detached. Puranji tapurumagi! Fasten it well! Category: Change of position or state.

purumaruwuka See main entry: pirimaruwuka. feminine noun. pregnant woman or animal.

purungiparri See main entry: puringimparri. feminine noun. piece of Stringybark.

purunjika See main entry: puruwunjika. feminine noun. sick woman (really ailing).

purunjini See main entry: puruwunjini. masculine noun. sick (really ailing or chronically sick) male.

purunjuwi See main entry: puruwunjuwi. plural noun. sick people (really ailing).

purupuluwurri See main entry: purupunguluwurri. feminine noun. motor vehicle, car, truck.

purupunguluwurri Variant: piripunguluwurri; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: purupuluwurri; pupuluwurri; pukuluwurri. feminine noun. motor vehicle, car, truck. Gram: originally a verb form Syn: mutika, ampiripunguluwurri. Note: Photos by Jennifer Lee Category: Transport, Introduced items.

puruwujika See main entry: puruwunjika. feminine noun. sick woman (really ailing).

puruwujini See main entry: puruwunjini. masculine noun. sick (really ailing or chronically sick) male.

puruwujuwi See main entry: puruwunjuwi. plural noun. sick people (really ailing).

puruwunjika Variant: puruwujika; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: purunjika. feminine noun. ill, sick female. really ailing or chronically ill.Masculine: puruwunjini. Plural: puruwunjuwi. See: jana; jira. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Sickness or injury and healing.

puruwunjini Variant: puruwujini; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: purunjini. masculine noun. ill, sick male. really ailing or chronically ill.Feminine: puruwujika. Plural: puruwunjuwi. See: jana; jira; -wunji-; -wulupuwanji-. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Sickness or injury and healing.

puruwunjuwi Variant: puruwujuwi; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: purunjuwi. plural noun. ill, sick people. really ailing or chronically ill.Masculine: puruwunjini. Feminine: puruwujika. See: jana; jira. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals, Sickness or injury and healing.

putaka See main entry: purtaka. feminine noun. woman bereaved of sibling.

putamanta See main entry: putumanta. noun. suitcase, case.

putani See main entry: purtani. masculine noun. man bereaved of sibling.

putaninga See main entry: puntaninga. feminine noun. rainbow, rainbow serpent.

putaningini See main entry: puntaningini. masculine noun. small rainbow.

putatinga See main entry: pirtajinga. feminine noun. boil.

putawi See main entry: papurtawi. plural noun. people bereaved of sibling.

putim Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. free form verb. Gram: May have Auxiliary verb with root: -mi put. Category: Change of position or state.

putimap Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. free form verb. Gram: May have Auxiliary verb with root: -mi put up. Category: Change of position or state.

putini masculine noun. Darter. Anhinga rufa. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p103 Category: Birds.

putiputinga Variant: pitipitinga. feminine noun. female spirit child.Masculine: putiputini. Plural: putiputuwi. Syn: puliwunga. See: karla; mapurtiti; warlamankini; yiminga; wakurtapa; yimanka; yirrungwarra; nyingani; payamarnuwa mankini; marrala; marakati; yamparriparri; yamurrutuwu. Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p40. Category: Beliefs.

putiputini Variant: pitipitini. masculine noun. male spirit child.Feminine: putiputinga. Plural: putiputuwi. Syn: puliwuni. See: karla; mapurtiti; warlamankini; yiminga; wakurtapa; yimanka; yirrungwarra; nyingani; payamarnuwa mankini; marakati; yamparriparri; yamurrutuwu; -marrala- (incorporated form). Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p40. Category: Beliefs.

putiputuwi Variant: pitipituwi. plural noun. spirit children.Masculine: putiputini. Feminine: putiputinga. Syn: puliwuwi. See: karla; mapurtiti; warlamankini; yiminga; wakurtapa; yimanka; yirrungwarra; nyingani; payamarnuwa mankini; marrala; marakati; yamparriparri; yamurrutuwu. Read: 'Towards an Understanding of the Tiwi Language/Culture Context' by Teresa A. Ward p40. Category: Beliefs.

putu- See main entry: piti-. verb prefix. Gram: 1st order of verbal prefixes – subject-tense she.P.

putumanta Variant: putamanta; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: purramanta. From: French: portmanteau. noun. suitcase, case. Note: Photo from gallery of Picture It! software Category: Introduced items.

putungurruwuka See main entry: putuwurringika. feminine noun. Black-footed Tree-Rat.

putuputuwu See main entry: pitipituwu. free form verb. feel sorry, sorrow, pity.

putupwarra noun. tail (of reptile, dugong or fish). Syn: kimarra. See: tuwara; aripiya; murruputi. Awarra yirrikipayi ngarra putupwarra yi-pirni kangi ngarra yimpwaringa awarra kirijini. ninkiyi yi-p-alangarti kapi juwurtinara. The crocodile hit the little boy in the side with his tail and he fell into deepish water. Note: Photo by Gary Lee with permission Category: Animal parts.

puturrini Variant: pitirrini. masculine noun. cockle shell, volute shell. See: puturrunga. Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Shellfish.

puturrunga Variant: pitirrunga. feminine noun. baler shell, large cockle shell. See: puturruni. Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Shellfish.

putuwurringika Variant: pitungurruwuka; putungurruwuka; putuwurrungika. feminine noun. Black-footed Tree-Rat. Syn: pwampunga, yintumunga, pwampungini. See: wuruwataka; wuruwatakini; rataka; arlintini; jikipayini; putuwurringika; pwampungini; arlintini; wuruwataka; wuruwatakini; rataka; jikipayini. Ques: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' also gives the meaning of this (and pwampunga and yintumunga) as both the 'Brush-tailed Phascogale' and the Black-footed Tree-rat. It is possible that pwampungini is the phascogale, being the smaller animal but the distinction has now been lost. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p115 Category: Animals, Mammals.

putuwurruka feminine noun. type of crab. pinkish in colour. Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Crabs.

putuwurrungika See main entry: putuwurringika. feminine noun. Black-footed Tree-Rat.

-puwalimi- incorporated form 1. hunt. Gram: There is a link between this form and a following root or incorporated form: ngi- for class 1, ng- for class 3 and rr- for class 2. See: kularlaga.

-puwapuwa See main entry: -pungampuwa. transitive verb root 1. hit lightly or tap on jaw/cheek, as in dancing.

puwarirri noun. Quail, Button Quail. This is a generic term but it seems there may only be one type of quail on the islands: the Chestnut-backed Quail. Syn: kurututinga, minkilarruwuninga. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p99 Category: Birds.

-puwarrimi- incorporated form 1. Spear Grass. See: marakati; -pi-; wupunga; pitarika. yi-majingi-puwarrimi -mili The Spear Grass was knocked down (wind blew it over).

puwatingini Variant: pwatingini. masculine noun. Western Brown snake. poisonous snake. See: kalipurti; puliyarlinga; taringa; taringini. Ques: Some say kalipurti is the same as puwatingini but others say not. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p Category: Snakes.

-puwulingi- Variant: -puwuli-. incorporated form 1. wound (as from a fight). See: mipurruwaja. Api ji-mi-puwulingi-rr-awami. So he died from his beating. Api karri papi yimi awungarruwu, api karri yu-wuntiyarra awuta arikutumurnuwi kapi wutawa pirri-p-ingi-kipili-y-amangi, api wutatuwu awuta purru-wunga awarra tini nginingaji wutawa, ninkiyi pi-ri-pirni, ninkiyi pi-ri-puwulingirr-angirri, yirrimarala yi-puwulingi-rr-akupawurli kapi ngatawa alawura. Well when he arrived there and when he spoke to those men who looked after the garden, all of them grabbed him and beat he and sent him back to the boss injured and empty-handed.

-puwuta transitive verb root 1. smash or crack something, such as Cycad Palm nuts, mash. See: -kipa; -pijigi; -wurtipi; -piyalingigi; pijirimiga; pwamiga. pi-ri-puwuta they smashed or mashed something. Nyirra ji-puwuta kwaka kiyi jipungartigi kapi makatinga. She cracked open the Xamia Palm nuts and soaked them in running water. Category: Violence or impact, Cutting or breaking or tearing.

puyinga Usage: Archaic ( old Old Tiwi ). feminine noun. bark of Stringybark tree. Syn: mintawunga. See: junkwartirringa; mulilinga; puringimparri; -ingipi-; kurlugi; mipurra; -ili-. Category: Plants, Plant parts.

pwaja₁ Variant: poja. noun. bone, shell, pod of nut. Karri nga-wunga awarra malikini api nga-wapa ngini kurakura yilaruwu kiyi ngini pwaja api nga-wunyawu. When we pick the malikini nut we eat the kernel inside and throw away the pod. Category: Body parts and products, Shellfish, Plant parts.

pwaja₂ Variant: poja. noun. coin. Syn: wurrukwati. Category: Introduced items.

pwaja₃ Variant: poja. noun. points on crocodile's back, rows of dots in painting representative of crocodile's back, comb-like instrument used in making such rows of dots. See: marntinya₃; murntinga; pwanga₂; yirrinkiripwaja. Note: Photo (1) from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p117 and (2) by Joy Naden Category: Animal parts, Art.

pwajala predicative. very thin, bony. Morph: pwaja 'bone' +‑la 'EMPHATIC’. See: pwajalini. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pwajalinga feminine noun. thin, skinny, slim, bony female or feminine thing.Masculine: pwajalini. Plural: pwajaluwi. See: kirlirruparinga. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pwajalini masculine noun. thin, skinny, slim, bony (masculine);Feminine: pwajalinga. Plural: pwajaluwi. See: kilirruparti. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pwajaluwi plural noun. thin people.Feminine: pwajalinga. Masculine: pwajalini. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pwajimwalintiya Variant: pwajumwalintiya. noun. wallaby. Syn: jipwajirringa, jirraka, jiwirringa. See: anjorra; arlitiwiyi; awumpini; jajurrukwa; kantakiji; kipwapi; marinyi; pipajumwalintiya; tukwatukuni tukwatukwa; yirripurliwiyi; -kunji -wingiliwanji-; -piyonti-; -wuliyonji-. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Category: Animals, Mammals, Wallabies.

pwajini Variant: fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pojini. masculine noun. urine, Modern Tiwi: urinate. Syn: murlamini, yilarringa. Syn: murlamini, yilarringa.

pwajini -kirimi urinate. Lit: make urine. See: -ungwali; -wungwarla-. Nyirra jiyi-kirimi pwajini arntongi. The Jabiru urinated. Category: Body parts and products, Body functions or actions.

pwajininga feminine noun. beer. Syn: mirripaka, winga. See: yingwatinga; yikwaninga. Category: Food and cooking, Traditional food.

-pwajipa See main entry: -pwanjipa.

pwajukura See main entry: pajukura. noun. liver.

pwajuma See main entry: pajuma. feminine noun. glass, mirror, glasses or spectacles.

pwajumwalintiya See main entry: pwajimwalintiya. noun. wallaby.

pwajupwajuwari See main entry: pajipajuwari. temporal word. season or time when turtles lay eggs.

pwakayini Variant: fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pokayini. free form verb. 1 • laugh, play; to play instrument (Modern Tiwi). Syn: tokwayini, wulinjini. See: -ajirupwaga; -amirnangili. Wutatuwu Tiwi pirri-p-apukiya kanijawa pili amparrimani turtiyangini. Kiyi Patajiyali pwakayini yu-wunga. The Tiwi people rubbed flour on themselves because they thought it was white paint. then father Gsell laughed. Awarra kawarri kalikalila yi-pa-m-ani amintiya pwakayini yu-wunga-mini kapi wawungini. The goanna would keep running around and would play with the skink. Karri japinari awuta pulangumwawi pwakayini pi-ri-mi kapi jarrumwaka. In the morning the dogs played on the road. Note: Photo used with permission; Picture from AuSIL archives Category: Talking or thinking, Music, Playing.

2 • play with, laugh at, mock. Gram: Old Tiwi: + indirect object prefix Syn: wulinjini -majila. See: -apamula. Awarra kirijini pwakayini yi-majila nginingatawa pulangumwani. The little boy played with his dog. Ngawa pwakayini ngintu-wa-ngirri-majil-apa awinyirra jarranga nyirra-mwarti. We tried to play with her the cow's calf. Category: Playing, Talking or thinking, Social behaviour.

pwakayinikimini masculine noun. male who smiles or laughs a lot. Morph: pwakayini 'laugh' +‑kimi 'associated with' +‑ni 'Masculine'. Ques: I am not sure what the feminine form is. Category: Non-physical qualities.

pwakumwara See main entry: pakumwara. free form verb. alone, solely, solitary, quietly, doing nothing.

pwalapi Variant: polapi; palapi; polap. Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. free form verb. get angry. Syn: jurrimumi. See: -akiriwurlingigi; -ikirimitiyarri; -ukirimirli; jirti; jurrimumanyimi; -kipiyawumi; -kurupwarri; mirliga mwamawamini; pitipita jirti; yikwanari. Note: Picture from gallery of Picture It! Software Category: Feeling.

pwalatinga feminine noun. Pandanus headdress with dingo tails. Syn: arntumwari, kurupurraka. See: japalingini. Category: Traditional religion, Ceremonial objects.

-pwalintiya Variant: -pwalitiya; -polintiya; -politiya. transitive verb root 1. 1 • tap something, such as a tree. Category: Violence or impact. Category: Violence or impact.

-matingiripwalintiya pat on head. Morph: ‑matingiri‑’head’ +‑pwalintiya ’tap'.

2 • test someone. Gram: May have tiya 'pretending' Wuta tiya awarra pirr-a-ri-polintiya, pili wuta karluwu kuwa pi-rri-ja-ami ngini ngawa-rringani yi-ni-p-angirri. They tried to test him because they did not believe that God had sent him. Category: Talking or thinking.

-pwalitiya See main entry: -pwalintiya. transitive verb root 1. tap something, such as a tree, test.

pwaliwiyi feminine noun. pouch, female possum. Syn: arringiya. See: wuninga; wuruwanjinga; puratuwuka; kurruma; kwangapi; marrikwalimpi; wuningini; kwangiringa; mirini. Category: Animals, Mammals, Animal parts.

pwaluti See main entry: paluti. noun. beard.

pwalutinga See main entry: palutinga.

pwamiga Variant: fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pwamunga. free form verb. 1 • be smashed or mashed. Category: Change of position or state.

2 • smash, mash. Syn: -pijigi. See: -puwuta; -puraga; -piyalingigi; pijirimiga. Category: Violence or impact, Cutting or breaking or tearing.

pwamika feminine noun. 1 • woman with fat face.Masculine: pwamini. Plural: pwamirrikuwi. Syn: yirrikilingapamunga, yirrikiripwamika. See: purnikapama. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

2 • Death Adder. See: taringa. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p120 Category: Snakes.

pwamini masculine noun. man with fat face.Feminine: pwamika. Plural: pwamirrikuwi. Syn: yirrikilingapamini, yirrikiripwamini. See: purnikapamini. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pwamirrikuwi Noun plural. fat people, particularly fat in the face.Masculine: pwamini. Feminine: pwamika. See: purnikapampi. Category: Describing people or animals, Physical qualities.

pwampa noun. anus. Syn: wurlungwa, yintingina. Category: Body parts and products.

pwampunga feminine noun. Black-footed Tree-rat, Brush-tailed Phascogale. Mesembriomys gouldii. Syn: yintumunga, putuwurringika. See: putuwurringika; pwampungini; arlintini; wuruwataka; wuruwatakini; rataka; jikipayini. Ques: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' also gives the meaning of this (and pwampunga and yintumunga) as both the 'Brush-tailed Phascogale' and the Black-footed Tree-rat. It is possible that pwampungini is the phascogale, being the smaller animal but the distinction has now been lost. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p115 Category: Animals, Mammals.

pwampungini masculine noun. Black-footed Tree-rat, Brush-tailed Phascogale. found in bush and mangroves. Syn: pwampunga, putuwurringika, yintumunga. See: arlintini; wuruwataka; wuruwatakini; rataka; jikipayini. Ques: 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' also gives the meaning of this (and pwampunga and yintumunga) as both the 'Brush-tailed Phascogale' and the Black-footed Tree-rat. It is possible that pwampungini is the phascogale, being the smaller animal but the distinction has now been lost. Category: Animals, Mammals.

pwanga₁ feminine noun. spider (general name). Arachnida. Note: Photo by Joy Naden Category: Insects and spiders.

pwanga₂ small dot of paint. made individually with end of stick. See: yirrinkiripwaja; marntinya₂; murntinga; pwaja₂. Category: Art.

pwangari predicative. spotted or dotted, with lots of little dots. Morph: pwanga 'dot' +‑ari 'like'. See: marntinya. Note: Photo by Joy Naden Category: Physical qualities, Art.

pwangilontinga Variant: pwangilotinga; pongilontinga; pangilontinga; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pwangulatinga. feminine noun. large domestic animal, mare, cow, pig; Modern Tiwi: animal (generic).Masculine: pwangilontingini. Plural: pwangilontunguwi. See: ampuwu; jarrangini; pirama; yanamurli. Category: Animals, Introduced animals.

pwangilontingini Variant: pwangilotingini; pangilontingini; pongilontingini; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pwangulatingini; pongulatungini. masculine noun. large domestic animal, such as pig, horse, cow; Modern Tiwi: animal (generic).Feminine: pwangilontinga, pwangilontunginga. Plural: pwangilotunguwi. See: yanamurli; jarranga; jarrangini; ampuwu; pulika; kuntiyani; yirrimilirrani; rawaturrunga; pikipiki; pika jarra; partitapartita; nantuwu; parriwiyi. Category: Animals, Introduced animals.

pwangilontunguwi Variant: pwangilotunguwi; pangilontunguwi; pongilontunguwi; fe Þ Modern_Tiwi: pwangulatunguwi. masculine noun. large domestic animals, such as horses, cattle, sheep, Modern Tiwi: animals (generic).Masculine: pwangilontingini. Feminine: pwangilontinga, pwangilontinginga. See: yanamurli; yanamurluwi; jarranguwi; pikuwi. Category: Introduced animals.

pwangilotinga See main entry: pwangilontinga. feminine noun. large domestic animal.

pwangilotingini See main entry: pwangilontingini. masculine noun. large domestic animal.

pwangipwangi Variant: pongipongi. noun. cigarette, tobacco. Syn: jingijingi, kalurri, jikirriti. See: mirrawu; paki; nikaniki. Note: Photo by dan - http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/view photog.php?photogid=587 Category: Introduced items. Category: Introduced items.

pwangipwangi -mi smoke cigarette. Syn: jingijingi –mi, -kupumuwu; Ant: -kupuwaminimuwu. Category: Body functions or actions.

pwangipwangini masculine noun. type of fish. Category: Sea or mangrove or river life, Fish.

pwangulatinga See main entry: pwangilontinga. feminine noun. large domestic animal.

pwangulatingini See main entry: pwangilotungini. masculine noun. large domestic animal.

pwangulatinguwi See main entry: pwangilotunguwi. masculine noun. large domestic animals.

-pwanikuwa intransitive verb root 1. be taboo, be pukumani. undergo pukumani rules - such as sitting with special yarirringa and other armbands & headdress and being fed by others wuta-wunarntawi, wuta-mamirampi and wuta-mpinyuwi). Syn: -maj-awanti-ma. pi-ri-pwanikuwa-mini they used to be pukumani. Category: Traditional religion, Beliefs, Traditional customs.

-pwanjigi transitive verb root 1. prevent, stop or discourage someone from doing something. Syn: -kaga, -anyuwuluga. See: -apulipagi; -ajiyipulagi; -apwiya; -palirri; -majipuwu; -majakilamira; -urligi. pi-ri-pwanjigi they discouraged him from doing something. Category: Social behaviour, Talking or thinking.

-pwanjipa Variant: -pwajipa; -panjupwa. intransitive verb root 1. fill in hole (with earth), cover hole, put lid on ( e.g. saucepan). Syn: -wuningitiga. See: -kirlayi. pi-ri-pwanjipa they covered a hole, they filled in a hole. Category: Change of position or state.

pwanjiyana From: English. noun. poinciana. Category: Plants.

pwanki Variant: ponki. interjection. peace! Syn: pwankipwanki. Category: Interjections.

free form verb. make peace, save someone. See: pwankini; -pakaga; -urukuga. Wuta pu-ru-wanga ngampi Jikilawula, api pirr-a-ri-pirni awarra Patakijali. Kiyi natinga tinga kalikali jiyimi, kiyi jiyi-kitirropurtayi awarra Patakijali. Api nyirratuwu jiyimi, 'Ngajiti,' api pwanki jiyimi. The Jikila mob were afraid and tried to kill Father Gsell. But one woman ran and put her arms out in front of him. And she said, "Don't," so she made peace. Category: Social behaviour, Talking or thinking.

pwankinga Variant: ponkinga. masculine noun. female peace-maker, female who stops people fighting.Masculine: pwankini. Plural: pwankuwi. See: arntukwa; yinjaninga; wulaniga; mapularri. Ant: arika. Category: Describing people or animals, Non-physical qualities, Social behaviour.

pwankini Variant: ponkini. 1 • masculine noun. peace-maker, man who stops people fighting.Feminine: pwankinga. Plural: pwankuwi. See: arntukuni; yirrani; wulaniga; mapularri; -kaga; -urukuga. Ant: arini.

2 • free form verb. be a man who stops people fighting, who makes peace; for there to be peace. Karrikamini pwankini awungarra a-miringarra. There is no peace here. Category: Describing people or animals.

pwankipwanka Variant: pwankipwanki; ponkiponka. Usage: New Tiwi. From: English. feminine noun. frog. Syn: arlitirraka, aliputaraka. Note: Picture by artist at Murripurtiyanuwu Catholic School Category: Frogs, Animals.

pwankipwanki Variant: pwankupwanki; ponkiponki. interjection. peace! Syn: pwanki. Category: Interjections.

pwankitila predicative. bald. See: -matipiyanginiga; wuratikani. Category: Physical qualities, Describing people or animals.

pwankuwi Variant: ponkuwi. plural noun. peace-makers, people who stop people fighting.Masculine: pwankini. Feminine: pwankinga. See: arntukuwi; yirranuwi; makirringipi; -akaga. Ant: aripi. Category: Describing people or animals.

pwanyipwanyini Variant: ponyiponyini. masculine noun. reed, tall grass. children use stalks for play spears. Ninkiyi, yati kalikali yimi, ji-p-ilipu-ngi-miji ngangi karuwunga manimpirruwa, api ninkiyi ji-p-ilipu-ngartigi kangi yingotinga ngangi turliturli. Api ninkiyi, ngatawa ponyiponyini yi-ma-j-amarnipagi ngini ngawa-yuwuni jiyi-mangi-warrituga awinyirra yingotinga. Then one man ran and picked up a small piece of cloth, then he dipped it into wine, using his spear. Then he lifted it up on a reed so Our Older Brother could suck the wine. Category: Plants, Grass.

pwapangipi See main entry: papangipi. plural noun. alive, well.

pwapuna free form verb. carry on shoulders. Syn: kapaka. See: -akirtirruwa; -orlipirri; -amawini; papurli; -marripi; karrimap. Pwapuna ngi-ri-mi ngiya-mirani I carried my son on my shoulders. Note: Picture from 'Ngawurranungurumagi Nginingawila Ngapangiraga: Tiwi-English Dictionary' and Photo from ‘Expedition to the Land of the Tiwi’ by Charles Mountford; National Geographic March 1956 Category: Holding or transfer.

pwapuwuwa Variant: pwapuwa. free form verb. fall down. Syn: -akupuraji, -awurligi, -alumi, potan (-mi). Anaki kiyijinga pwapuwa jiyi-mi. This little girl fell down. Note: Picture by Jennifer Lee Category: Moving, Change of position or state.

-pwari- incorporated form 1. side (of body). See: yimpwaringa.

-pwarla transitive verb root 1. catch and kill many things. See: -pirni. pi-ri-pwarla they caught and killed a lot of things. Note: Photo by Jennifer Lee Karri wuta kularlaga pirimi warta api pi-ni-ri-pwarla tayikuwapi jipwajirringa. When they hunted they got many wallabies. Note: Photo by Marie Godfrey Category: Hunting or fishing.

pwarliti See main entry: paluti.

pwarlitinga See main entry: palutinga.

pwarluti See main entry: paluti. noun. beard.

-pwarramigi transitive verb stem 1. dry someone or something. Category: Change of position or state.

-pwarramiya reflexive verb stem 1. dry oneself. Morph: ‑pwarri 'dry' +‑amiya ’self’. Syn: -kipwarramiya. See: -kipwarri; -pwarri. pi-ri-pwarramiya they dried themselves. Ngarra kirijini yuwuriyi mwarliki kapi winga api yuwuriyi kapi warnarringa api yi-pwarramiya. The little boy went swimming in the sea and then went into the sun and dried himself. Category: Body functions or actions, Change of position or state.

-pwarri Variant: -porri. intransitive verb root 1. be dry. Syn: -kipwarri. See: -pwarramiya; -kipwarramiya; -wurli; yartupwarri. pi-ri-pwarri they were dry. Nyirra kirijinga mwarliki jiyimi api ju-wuriyi kangi warnarringa api ji-pwarri. The little girl bathed and then went into the sunshine and dried off. Category: Change of position or state, Describing people or animals, Describing things.

pwarrikiri noun. heart. Syn: ruwuti, mukamuka. See: wayarruwa; pajukura. jirti pwarrikiri weak heart. Note: Photo from gallery of Picture It! software Category: Body parts and products.

pwarti masculine noun. ant bed, termite mound. The outside may be scraped and added to food in an earth oven to make the food brown and tastier. The outside may also be swallowed as a cure for diarrhoea. Syn: wurrinyini. Note: Photos from 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p131 Category: Nests, Land or ground.

pwatari predicative. smooth. See: pwati. Category: Physical qualities.

pwati feminine noun. type of root, bush potato. Eriosema chinense, Ipomoea graminea. It is a small bush (about 60 cm high) with round roots red outside but white flesh which people can eat either raw or roasted. Syn: munkwarti, wakajini, pirlumataka. See: roka; yirokwa; rokuni; jaliwaki; mayilinga; karrapini. Note: Picture by artist at Murripurtiyanuwu Catholic School Note: Photo from 'Tiwi Plants and Animals' p62 Category: Plants, Plant parts.

-pwatijingi- incorporated form 1. spear. See: arati; arawinikiri; jalikaraji; jukwarliti; jurroringa; kayartirri; kulinjila; kurninjila; kutinikarri; miputikimi mungarlaka; murrukuwunga; numwariyaka; numwariyani; nurningini; nyingitinga; pijiwaya; pingawini tilipiringa; tongontilawu; tortinga; walanka; wulingaringa; yirrinkirliyati; -ingwarlimi-; -kipi-; -wumurtiji-. kali jiyi-marri-pwatijingi -mi she ran with spear (in her back).

pwatinga feminine noun. type of snake. See: puwatingini. Category: Snakes.

pwatingini See main entry: puwatingini. masculine noun. Western brown snake.

pwatipwatinga feminine noun. small skink lizard. a few inches long. Syn: wawungini. See: wulikirani; pwatipwatingini. Category: Reptiles.

pwatipwatingini Variant: patipatingini. masculine noun. Ta-ta Dragon, long skink lizard. See: wawungini; wulikirani; pwatipwatinga. Note: Photo from ‘Tiwi Plants and Animals’ p119 Category: Reptiles.

pwularti See main entry: pularti. masculine noun. milk, breast.