R - r

raakama   vt. take away from. Kngulyala marna katjianga raakamala ilkuma. The dog, taking the food away from the child, eats it.

raaketnama   vt. take something back from someone. Morph: [raakama + suff.etna,ma]. Unta nhanga ngkwaltja yinganha nthaka, unta wutha raaketnama. The money, that you gave me, you take it back again.

-raanga   n.end. number of times. nyinta-raanga once, one time. Yinga nyinta-raanga Watarrka-urna lhaka. Arlta nyintala nurna purta lhaka. Yinga itja wutha lhaka, pmara nhanha ekura-urna. I went one time to Kings Canyon. We went on one occasion as a group. I have not gone to this place again.

raapa   n.end. without, lacking in. See: -kunya. Ekura raapa era pitjika He came without him. Lukara nama pmara arrkutja nua raapaka. The lukara is a place for unmarried women. lnkintja nama pmara artwa nua raapaka. The ingkintja is a place for single men. Mia urrkaaputjika pitjima, katjia raapa. Katjia era pmaraka empurlalhama. The mother comes for work, without her children. She leaves her children back home.

ramarama   n. family, extended family, clan, offspring, descendants. See: tjina. Ramarama era nama wurla nyinta: arranga, timia, lyurra parla, lyurra ipmanha, mia, kaarta, katjia ekuratharra, tjina ingkarraka. An extended family is one group: father's father, mother's father, father's mother, mother's mother, mother, father, their children, and all the family members.

ramaramaka wurla   family, extended family, clan. Relha nhaaka ntjaarra nama, kanha ramaramaka wurla nyinta. All those people over there are one extended family.

ramia   n. sand goanna. Varanus gouldii. Ramia kara marra, relhala ilkuma. Goanna meat is good, and people eat it. Ramiala kapalya ilkuma. Goannas eat dragon lizards. Lhurrpaka antalala tjuntamanga, ramia lhungaka irrpuma, karntanga. Ramia etna nama rirrka-rinya. When the cold season starts, sand goannas enter their burrows because of the cold weather.Goannas belong to the sandhill habitat. Ramia urnma-errakanga, erinha irna ntjaamaka arrarnama, ilkutjinala. The goanna, now cooked, is placed on a bed of branches, ready to eat.

ranga   n. Euro, hill kangaroo. Macropus robustus. Ranga parta-rinya, urrpurla-urrpurla, maarla patha-karta. The euro lives in the hills and is a dark colour. The female has a pouch. Relhala kara ranga imanka ilkutjaaarta. People used to eat euro long ago. Tharrka lyaartinya kngarra mangkamanga, ranga etna ntara kngarra nama. When the grass is fresh and abundant, the euros are very fat.

relha   n. 1 • person, human being.

2 • Aboriginal person. Imanka relha laakinha naka. Artwa ntjaarra karaka lhitjaarta. Arrkutja ntjaarrala marna kutjitjaarta. Arrkutja ntjaarrala intanga kutjimala, marna ura twaapala etitjaarta. Long ago people lived like this. The men used to go out hunting. The women used to collect food. The women, having collected seeds, used to cook the damper in the coals of the fire. Relha imankinya ntjaarrala yia wuka, "Lthaarna pitjimau!" Etna-ntama relha tjurlkara pitjimanga araka. Etna kngarra trerraka. Relha pmara-rinya ntjaarrala itja inthurra etnanha arrkurla arakalanga waarta. Our ancestors heard the news, "Ghosts are coming!" Then they saw people with a white skin coming along. They were tremendously frightened of course, because the people from this country had never ever seen them before.

relha ntjaarra   people. Relha ntjaarra football grand final-aka aritjika wurlerraka. Many people gathered to watch the football grand final.

relhaka mpurrka   the human body. Relhaka mpurrka marra-karta, relha nhanha unthama, urrkaapuma paka. People with a healthy body move around, and may work. Relha mintaka mpurrka, ekarlta itja wutha nama. Etna muntja waara unthama, yaarna wutha kngarra urrkaapuma. For people who are sick, their body is no longer strong and healthy. They move around slowly, and cannot work a great deal any more.

relhaka mpurrka kwaarnala   internal organs. Relhaka mpurrka kwaarnala, nhanha ntjaarra nama: nturrknga, tukurta, tapaarrka, arralyatna, iturnta, lama, ltjaarrknga, urrkakurnintja turta nama. The internal organs of a person are these: brains, heart, kidneys, lungs, stomach, liver, small intestines and large intestines also.

relha-kunya   n. uninhabited, devoid of people. Pmara nhanha relha-kunya. Etna ingkarraka lhaka. Relha itja wutha nhanhala nama. This place is deserted. They've all gone. There are no people here anymore. Morph: [relha + suff.kunya].

relyinga   n. jawbone. Relyinga era nama ngkwaarna, ilpanga rrutna ekura-urna. Tnuntha pa relha relyinga tharra-karta nama. The jawbone is a bone, from the ear to the chin. Animals and people have two jawbones.

rena   n. pygmy mulga monitor, pygmy goanna. Rena era urlpaiya-rinya nama. Era ramia ngerra, kanha urrpurla. Pygmy goanna live in riverbed habitats. They are like sand goannas, but black in colour. Varanus gilleni.

rilherra   n. peace, working together. Etna itja waanga-erraka. Etna rilherra inthurra urrkaapuka. They did not complain. They worked as mates with one goal held in common. Arrkurla etna turraka. Lyaarta etna rilherra nama, marra ngkarramanga, itja wutha turramanga. They fought previously. Now they are at peace together, talking together in a good way, and not fighting any more.

rilherra-errama.   vi. become at peace with. Itja wutha antja namanga turritjika, etna marra ngkarramala rilherra-errama. Not wanting to fight any more, they had a good talk with each other, to become at peace with each other. Morph: [rilherra + suff.erra,ma].

rilherra-ilama   vt. make peace. Wurla tharrala rilherra-ilamala, etna thunga paka intalhelama etna tjina-erraka, thunga paka yultha kapanha nthama, ntelamanga etna tjina-erraka. Two groups making peace, they may write down their agreement of friendship, and they might exchange gifts to show their friendship.

ringa   n. tawny frogmouth. Podargus strigoides. Thepa ringa ingula untharlaapuma. Tawny frogmouths roam around at night. Thepa ringala mpaara ilkuma. Tawny frogmouths eat maggots.

-rinya1   end. of, belonging to a particular place or habitat. Nhanha nama relha Ntaria-rinya. This one is from Hermannsburg. Ranga parta-rinya. Euros live in the hills. Relha nhanha ntjaarra etna pmara arrpunha-rinya, itja nhanha-rinya. These people are from some other place, and are not from here. Imanka artwa yirrara-rinya nyinta Ntaria-urna pitjika. Arlta nhanhala Ingkaarta Carl Strehlow-anha Ntariala nitjaarta. Kurunga etna artwa nhanha, Samuel-anha, ntangkaka, artwa wurla-lela school lyaartinya irtitjika. A long time back a man came to Hermannsburg from the north. At this time Pastor Carl Strehlow was at Hermannsburg. Then they asked this man, Samuel, to be on the men's work gang to build the new school.

-rinya2   end. very own. nuka-rinya my very own. See: nuka-rinya; ekura-rinya. Kwaarra nyinta ngkaka, "Yinga nuka-rinya, maarntarra marraka ekarralhama." A girl said, "I'm putting on my best clothes, of all the ones that I own." Era ekura-rinya arrkarnalhama, marra nitjika. She is trying to be good, and to keep to herself.

-rinya3   n.end. belonging to, used for surnames. Germans wrote 'j' for the sound which we now write with 'y'. For example Ebatarinya - Ebatarinja. Katakarinya - Katakarinja. Moketarinya - Moketarinja. Ted Strehlow-ala, Manyuma-ka nuaka rretnya intalhelamanga, 'Iparta-rinya' intalhelaka. Ted Strehlow wrote 'Iparta-rinya' as the name of Manyuma's husband.

rirrka   n. sandhill, sandhill country. Ngkwaarla erralunga ntjaarra mangkama rirrkala. Lots of honey grevillea bushes grow in the sandhills. Irna pa tharrka rirrkala mangkama: lhilpa, langkwa, punta, akia, katjirra, yurta, parrakilya, ntatha ntjaarra turta. Various trees and grasses grow on the sandhills: mallee trees, wild banana, cassia bushes, native currant, bush sultanas, spinifex, parakilya, and a variety of flowers as well. Ramia etna nama rirrka-rinya. Goannas live in sandhill habitats.

Rirrka Thathaka   n. Place name, Red Sand Hill, an outstation 10 km east of Hermannsburg. Pmara nhanha, Rirrka Thathaka, era Ntaria-nga etinya, kurrka waara ekngarra. This outstation, Red Sand Hill, is close to Hermannsburg, just a little to the east.

rirrtja   n. dry, not wet. Usually used of inanimate objects that can be wet or moist such as the land or clothing. Ntjirrka is used of plants. See: ntjirrka.

rirrtja-errama   vi. dry out, become dry (inanimate objects). Itja wutha kwatjala nhamanga, kwatja urlpaiyala yarranhamanga, arna ingkarraka rirrtja-errama. When it has not been raining, the water in the river disappears and all the sand becomes dry. Ingutnhala inthurra ilpmaarra thaalalhama. Langa kartninyanga, arna rirrtja-errama. Dew drips from above very early in the morning. But when the sun is high above, the soil becomes dry. Morph: [rirrtja + suff.erra,ma].

rirrtja-ilama   vt. to make dry, cause to dry out (inanimate objects). Ingkaartala yinganha ntangkaka, kurunga era yinganha maarntarra nthaka, era yinganha kwatja nthaka ilkngilhitjika. Kala yinga kngarra ilkngilhaka kuta, kurunga era yinganha towel nthaka rirrtja-ilitjika. Kurunga yinganha kara tjipi nthaka. The Pastor called me to him, then he gave me clothes, and he gave me water to bathe in. Once I had had a thorough wash, he then gave me a towel to get dry with. Following that he gave me some sheep meat. Morph: [rirrtja + suff.ila,ma].

rirrtja-ilalhama   dry oneself. Walhakala, relha rirrtja-ilalhama. Having bathed, people dry themselves.

rirta   n. 1 • deaf. Relha nhanha rirta. Era itja relha arrpunha etnanha wuma. Unta kwerramala ekura-lela ngkarritjika. This person is deaf. She does not hear other people. You are to use hand signs to communicate with her. Relha nhanha rirta. Era itja wuma. This person is deaf. He does not hear others.

2 • foolish, silly. Katjia nhanha ntjaarra etna rirta. Etna itja kangkwerrama. Etna kngarra unthama, arrkana-erramala. These kids are silly. They don't obey. They go around everywhere, playing around.

rirta-rirta   n. a person with limited understanding. Relha rirta-rirta era ekura-rinyarrpa, era mpaarama antja namala ngerra. A person who has limited understanding lives in their own world, and does things in their own way. Morph: [rirta, reduplic].

rirta-errama   vi. become silly. Wurra nhanha rirta-errama, itja kangkwerritjika antja namala. This boy, becoming silly, does not want to obey others. Morph: [rirta + suff.erra,ma].

rirta-ilama   vt. make deaf, make stupid. Kutatha inthurra intarra inthurra ilkamanga, katjia nhanhala kngarripata etnanha rirta-ilama. Shouting out loudly on and on, these kids are driving the older people silly. Morph: [rirta + suff.ila,ma].

ritamilama   v.t. read.

-rlaana   v.end. continuing action, aspect marker. mpurlaanama keep burning. Ilkurlaanama. Erraarntala lyaaka kngarra ilkurlaanama. keep on eating. Red tailed black cockatoos eat lots of prickles. Morph: [ilkuma + suff.rlaana,ma].

-rlaapu, -lapu   v.end. do while walking around. kutjirlaapuma gather or collect while walking around. lurnarlaapuma going about chasing. Atha marna intanga ilkurlaapuka I ate grass seeds while I was walking around.

-rlalha-   v.end. just before leaving.

ilarlalhama   tell just before leaving. Morph: [ilama + suff.rlalha,ma].

empurlalhama   vt. leave behind, abandon, desert. Morph: [empuma. + suff.rlalha,ma].

iwurlalhama   vt. leave, leave behind, drop off someone (in a vehicle), abandon, desert. Morph: [iwuma + suff.rlalha,ma].

ntangkarlalhama   vt. call or summon just before leaving, Morph: [ntangkama + suff.rlalha,ma].

-rlalpu   v.end. do and then return.

turlalpuma   vt. hit and then return. Morph: [tuma + suff.rlalpu,ma].

yairnarlalpuma   vt. send back. Morph: [yairnama + suff.rlalpu,ma].

inarlalpuma   vt. pick up and then return. Morph: [inama + suff. ·rlalpu,ma].

-rlathana, -rlathanai   v.end. Command, more than two people, Plural. Wurra ntjaarrai! Nhanha-urna pitjarlathanai! Boys, come here at once! Rrangkarra lharlathanai! Go on, you (Plural) go away! See: -a; -ai.

-rlpa-   See main entry: -lpa-. v. end.

-rna   v.end. Immediate past tense. See: -na.

-rra-1   v.end. Two people are moving. Dual with movement verbs. lharrama. go, walk. Ilirna shop-urna lharrama. We (two) are going to the shop.

-rra-2   v.end. Means that two or more people are doing the action to each other. Reciprocal action. Arrkutja urrputja namala, yia ngkarrama. Some women are sitting down, telling stories. iltarrama. argue, abuse each other, swear at each other, scold each other. turrama. fight each other, fight. ilirna turraka. We fought, we hit each other.

rraampuma   vt. Variant: arraampuma. talk in a bad way to someone. Katjia kngarritja nhanha ntjaarrala relhanha rraampuma, ngkatja kurna etnaka-urna ngkamanga. These big kids here are rubbishing people, by saying bad things to them.

rraampunha   person who puts down and criticizes someone else. Unta arama, katjia nhanha ntjaarra, etnakwia nama, relha rraampunha? Do you see all these kids, these ones here, they rubbish other people?

rraampuwuma    See: rraampuma.

rraantjakama   vt. tell someone off, have a go at someone. Relha nyintala ilama, arrpunha intarra ngkamanga, "Unta itja rraantjakitjika?" A person says, when another is talking loudly, "Don't have a go at someone!"

rraarnpa   n. plain pituri, sandhill pituri. See: peturra. Ngkurlpa itjanga, relha arrpunha ntjaarrala rraarnpa ilkuma. When there is no native tobacco, many people chew sandhill pituri. Nicotiana rosulata.

rraarratha-ilama   n. tell off, reprimand. Katjia kurrka tharra turramanga, katjia arrpunhaka miala rraarratha-ilama. When two kids are fighting, the mother of one of them tells off the other child.

rraarrathala tuma   punish. Miala katjia ekuranha rrarrathala tuma, katjia arrpunhakakwia. Mum punishes her child, because hers made trouble for another child.

rraarrathala tuntja   n. punishment, vengeance.

rraarrtja   n. type of native rat. Rraarrtja nama thukia kngarritja. Rraarrtja are like big mice. Lyaarta relhala itja rraarrtja etnanha arama. These days people don't see native rats any more.

rraatama   vi. 1 • go out, exit. Arrkutja nhanha katha-urna rraatama. This woman is going outside. Arrkutja nhanha pmaranga rraatama. This woman is going out of the house.

2 • come out, appear, emerge. Kurrkurrka ingula rraatama. Boobook owls come out in the evenings. Kwatja kngarrala nhamanga, tnatharta rraatama. After lots of rain, scorpions come out.

3 • sun comes up. Ingutnhala langa rraatintjalhama Early in the morning the sun rises.

rraatanhama   vi. go out (while going away}. Atha thepa nyinta araka altjura nhanhanga rraatanhamanga. I saw a bird going out of this hollow thing. Morph: [rraatama + suff.nha,ma].

rraatalhelama   vt. cause to come out, lead out. Ngurra-ngurra-errakalanga, kaltjinthanhinthanhala katjia ntjaarranha school-anga rraatalhelama, etna pmara-urna alputjika. As it is becoming late afternoon, the teacher sends the children out of the school grounds. They are to go back home. Unta marna kuka bottle-aka kwaarnaka kurnama. Nthaakinha katjia ungkwanga mpaaritjina? Thunga paka katjia ungkwanganhala bottle kwaarninya-ilitjina, marna erinha rraatalhelitjika? You put a little bit of food into a plastic bottle. What will your child do? Maybe your child will turn the bottle upside down, to get the bit of food out? Morph: [raatama + suff. –lhelama].

rraatarlalhama   vi. suddenly go out. Pmara nhanhanga era rraatarlalhama. He suddenly goes out of this place by himself. Morph: [rraatama + suff.rlalha,ma].

rraatja   n. 1 • straight. Tjaiya rraatja intanhama. The road is straight. Irna tjinya nhanha rraatja inthurra itnaama. This tree here stands very tall and straight.

2 • correct, truthfully, accurately, proper. Atha erinha ilaka, "Unta rraatja ngkama. Unta itja urrtja-errama." I told him, "You are speaking the truth. You are not telling a lie." Manhanga kathala narlaanamanga, miala katjia ekuranha pmarrama, "Kngulya nthanhai! Thepa unta arama?" Katjia era-ntama rraatja ntelama? When mother and child are sitting for a time outside, mum asks her child, "Where is the dog? Do you see the bird?" Does the child, then, correctly point them out? Unta kala ntelaka katjia ungkwanga nthaakinha imparra mpaaritjika. Katjia arai, nthaakinha era imparra ungkwanga ngerra mpaaramanga. Katjiala arrkarnamanga, imparra nyinta rraatja mpaaramanga?" You have already shown your child how to make a line. Watch your child, and see if he makes a line like yours. Does your child copy you by drawing one straight line correctly? Unta wutjika nthaakinha katjia ungkwanga ngkama. Era ekura-rinya ilalhamanga, thunga paka era ntjaarra-raanga rraatja ngkama, 'Yinga'? Listen to how you child talks. When she talks about herself, does she say 'I' quite a number of times? Katjia ungkwanga kaltjerraka rraatja ngkitjika? Era paka ngkama, "Yinga katha-urna lhama." "Kwatja paka intama?" "Unta turta pitjima?" Has your child learnt to talk correctly? Does he maybe say, "I am going outside." "Is there some water?" "Are you coming too?"

3 • good and correct person, righteous person. Altjirrala kngarripata erinha ilaka, "Unta yinganha tnaakakalanga, unta kala relha rraatja nama." God told our ancestor, "As you believed me, you are indeed a righteous person."

rraatjapara   n. long and straight, tall and straight, upright, perpendicular. Tjaiya nhanha rraatjapara intanhama. Irna nhanha rraatjapara itnaama. Irna para pa ilumpa rraatjapara itnaama. This road is long and straight. This tree is tall and straight. River red and ghost gum trees stand tall and straight.

rraatja-errama   vi. become right, become correct. Etna ngkarramala, ngkatja nhanha kala rraatja-erraka. By talking together, they then corrected the statement. Morph: [rraatja + suff.erra,ma].

rraatja-ilama   vt. make straight or righteous, justify. Era urala wumpia-ilama, tarnamala rraatja-ilama. He is warming the crooked stick over the fire, and bending it to straighten it. Ngkatja era arrkurla intalhelaka, lyaarta era rraatja-ilama The text he wrote some time before, he now corrects. Morph: [rraatja + suff.ila,ma].

rraatja-ilalhama   vt. straighten self, justify self. Relha kuta pmarramanga, relha arrpunha laakinha ngkama, "Kala, yinga ungkwanga rraatja-ilalhama." When a person is asking and asking, other people talk like this, "Okay, you are only putting yourself in the right." Morph: [rraatjilama + suff.lha,ma].

rraatninga   n. wild passionfruit. Capparis spinosa var. nummularia. Marna rraatninga urnma-inthurra­ erramala, yinpa altjura-errama. The skin breaks open when the wild passionfruit is very ripe. Rraatninga mangkama partala, pa urlpaiya eterala. Etna itja rirrkala mangkama. Wild passionfruit grow in the hills and at the river edges. They don't grow in the sandhills.

rrakangkarra   Variant: rrangkarraka. pron. Your, belonging to three or more people.

rrakangkarra-rinya   n. Your very own, pertaining only to yourselves.

rrakarta   n. mouth. Rrakarta-lela relha ngkama. People talk using their mouth. Relhala marna rrakartala ilkuma. People eat food using their mouth.

rralkama    See: rrarlkama.

rrangkalhelama   vt. tease, annoy, pester.

rrangkarra   pron. You all, you mob, three or more. Katjia ntjaarrai, rrangkarra lyaarta itja school-urna lhitjika. Nhanhataka holiday nama! You children are not going to school today. It is a holiday! Wurra ntjaarrai, rrangkarra oval-urna arrtjanitjika, kurunga arrtjanintja alputjika, school-urna! You boys, run to the oval, then run back here to school!

rrangkarraka   pron. Your 2.p.pl.poss. Marna nhanha rrangkarraka, ingkarrakala ilkutjika! This food is for all of you, for you all to eat!

rrangkarranha   pron. You all, you mob. Rrangkarranha kala ilaka, "School-aka ingkarraka pitjitjika!" Told you mob, "All of you come to school".

rrangkia   n. 1 • Central Australian cabbage palm, Palm valley palm. Livistonia mariae. Rrangkia etna nama irna tjinya, Ntarianga ntakaarra urlpaiyala mangkama. Anga etnakanha itja marra ilkutjika. Central Australian cabbage palms are tall trees, growing to the south of Hermannsburg in the riverbeds. Their fruit is not good to eat.

2 • date palm (introduced varieties of date palms). Relha imankinya ntjaarrala rrangkia Ntariaka ingkairnaka. Rrangkia etna marna anga-karta. The pioneers planted palm trees at Hermannsburg. The palm trees provide dates which is good food.

rrangkwa-rrangkwerrama   vi. stagger, reel about. Relha minta wulhamanga, ilkaarta kngarra-karta, rrangkwa-rrangkwerrama. People who are feeling sick, and in great pain, stagger about.

rrantjakama   vt. tell someone off, have a go at someone. Relha arrpunhala ilama, "Itja katjia kuka rrantjakitjika!" Other people say, "Don't be telling little kids off!"

rrantjakarrama   vi. have a verbal altercation, serious quarrel. Relha urrputja itja marra ngkarrama. Etna aala-erramala, rrantjakarrama. Several people are not talking together agreeably. Getting angry, they quarrel in a big way.

rrarlkama   vi. yawn. Relha purrka rrakarta altjura-ilamala, kurunga rrarlkama. People who are tired open their mouth, then yawn.

rretjingama   v.t. lead. Relha arrpunhala relha paanganha pmara-urna rretjingama. Another person leads the blind person to their home.

rretnya   n. name, word. Pmaraka rretnya kngarra nama. There are many places that have a name. Kwaarrai, rretnya ungkwanga ngunha? Young girl, what is your name? Rretnya nuka Panangka. My name is 'Panangka'. Rretnya nuka Mr Smith. My name is Mr Smith. Katjia ungkwanga two years ngerra namanga, era paka rretnya urrputjaka kaltja nama? Aramala, thunga paka era rraatja ilama, "kngulya", "yaiya", "kaaka", "tjap-tjap", "mukaarta", rretnya arrpunha turta? When your child is about two years old, does he perhaps know some names? Seeing various things, maybe he correctly states, "dog", "big sister", "big brother", "ball", "hat", and names of other things. Unta katjia pmarramanga, "Ngunha rretnya ungkwanga?", era rretnya ilalhama? Era paka ramaramaka rretnya turta ilalhama? When you ask your child, “What is your name?” does she say her name? Does she also say her family name (surname)?

rringinya   n. catfish.

rringka-rringka   n. ladder, steps, rock steps. Nhanha arai, mia katjia ekuranha-karta rringka-rringkarrala tnaarnpuma. Miala iltja nyinta ekuranha errkuma, era iltja arrpunhala wall errkumala lhama. Look here, mum is with her child, coming down the steps. Mum holds one of his hands, and he holds the wall with his other hand, as they hold on and walk down.

rrirlpa   n. sharp. Itja nhanha mpaaritjika. Nhanha rrirlpa. Iltja kamalanga, alhua ungkwanga thaalalhitjina. Unta ilkaarta irtnitjina! Don't touch this. It is sharp. If you cut your hand, your blood will pour out. You'll cry in pain!

rrirnpinpa   n. lips. Rrirnpinpa relha lyaartinya etna parnalhama, thathaka aritjika. People these days paint their lips, making them red for people to see.

-rrirra-   v.end. Three or more involved with some verbs. Nurna turrirraka. We fought. Nurna pitjirrirraka We came.

rritjama   v.t. to whisper.

rritjintja   n. a whisper. Eratharra rritjintja ngkarrama, relha arrpunhala wukitja. The two talk together in a whisper, so that other people cannot hear them.

rriwa   n. opening, door, gate, entrance. Rriwa maarntilai, karnta irrpintjamanga! Shut the door, the cold is coming in! Rriwa altjurilai, katjia kurrka irrpintjitjinanga! Open the door, so the little kids will come inside!

rrukunthakuntha-ilama   vt. Make big trouble for someone else, give others a hard time, Leltja ntjaarrala pmara-rinya ntjaarranha rrukunthakuntha-ilama, marna pa yultha raakamanga. Enemies give people who belong to that land big trouble, when they take their food and belongings away from them.

rrulya-rrulya   n. horn (of animal). Lintaraka tnuntha etna rrulya-rrulya-karta nama. Bullock-aka rrulya-rrulya etna kngarritja. European people's animals have horns. Bullock horns are a big size.

rruntjama   vt. kiss. Ekura kangkamanga, miala katjia rruntjama. Out of love, mother is kissing her child.

rrupa-rrupa   n. whirlwind, willy-willy. Eturnaka antalala tjuntamanga, nurna rrupa-rrupa arama. Wurinya nhanha arna pa urlpurta kngama, alkira-urna-thapa. When the hot season starts, we see willy-willys. This wind throws up dirt and rubbish into the air.

rruthama   vt. 1 • press down, trample, tramp on, crush. lngkala rruthama, marna tnyilhilama. She tramps on the seeds to remove the husks.

2 • hold someone down. Katjia arrkanerramala, katjia nyintala arrpunha erinha rruthama. When the kids play, one child holds another one down.

3 • oppress.

Rrutjipma    See: Rrutjupma.

Rrutjupma   n. Mount Sonder. Rrutjupma era nama parta kngarritja, Ntarianga yirrara. Mount Sonder is a big mountain, to the north of Hermannsburg.

rrutna   n. chin. Rrutna nama rrakartanga kwaarninya. The chin is below the mouth.

Rrutna   n. Name of place along Finke River just south of Macdonnell Ranges; This name was spelt 'Rodna' in the early times of outstation development. Rrutna era nama pmara Ntarianga yirrara alturla. 'Rrutna' is a place to the north west of Hermannsburg. Nurna paka Pmara Rrutna-urna lhamanga, nurna pmara ingkwia arama, sheet of iron-anga mpaarakala. If we go to 'Rrutna', we see an old house made of corrugated iron sheets.

rua   n. floodwater, also known as kwatja rua. Kwatja rua yarranhamanga, ipartala kwatja intama kuta. Once the water subsides, waterholes are left in the river bed.

rua lhama   v.i. to flood. Urlpaiyala rua lhamanga, mia kaartala katjianha ilama, "Rrangkarra anma paka urlpaiya-urna lhitjika, kwatja aritjika." When the river floods, mum and dad tell the kids, "You are to go later on to the river, to see the water."

ruampingka   n. flowing floodwater (larger flood). Imanka relha ntjaarra urlpaiya eterala nitjaarta. Kurunga ruampingka pitjikanga, relha ingkarraka kartninya-urna lhaka. Long ago many people lived by the river. A big flood coming, everyone went up to higher ground.

-ruka   n.end. while, during a time, through. Usually preceded by -la. kwatjala-ruka during the rain.

rukaara   n. easy, light. Ngkatja nhanha inpura namanga, laakinha paka rukaaralkura intalhelitjika. As this statement is hard to understand, maybe to write it like this would make it easier for people. Katjiala yaarna yultha kngarra tjurnamanga, relha kngarritjala rukaara mpaarama. When a child is unable to pick up a bundle of things, an adult gives a hand.

rukaara-ilama   vt. make easier. Artwala urlpurrinya mpaaramala, era rasp-alela rukaara-ilama. Making a boomerang, a man makes things easy by using a rasp.

rulya-rulya   n. mulga parrot. Psephotus varius.

rumerrama   vi. appear. Relha lurinya lyaarta rumerraka, pmaraka kutna. A stranger appeared today, who does not know the town.

runtha   n. abundant. Nurna marna runtha kutjima We collect lots of food.

Rupurla   n. Place name, The Junction. Pmara Rupurlala urlpaiya tharrama nyinta-errama. Lhara Pinta, urlpaiya kngarritja nyintaka lhaangalhama. The Junction is where two rivers join. So the Finke River from there becomes one big river.

rurla   n. wood for building (with irna). Artwa ntjaarrala rurla kutjika, iltha mpaaritjika. The men collected timber, to make a shelter.

rurrpa   n. large fruits, grains or tubers. Marna arlparrantji kngarritja etna nama rurrpa. Marna yalka kngarritja turta etna nama rurrpa. Relhala kngarritja ilama 'rurrpa'. Big bush tomatoes are large fruits. Big wild onions are also large fruits. Adults call large ones 'rurrpa'.

rutja   n. water dish, coolamon. Rutja era nama taarna kwatjakanha, relha imankinyala iparta-ilaka kwatja intitjinanga. 'Rutja' is a coolamon for water, which our ancestors hollowed out for water to lie in.