A - a

a   See main entry: ai.

a   det. a.

abam   See main entry: abum.

abas   adv. See: apas. Category: Time.

abat1   prep. for; of; about. Pitjas abat Debi. Pictures about Debbie. See main entry: blanga. Category: Time.

abat2   

interr. how about?, what about? Variant: habat. Category: Interrogatives.

-abat   aff. (aspect suffix found on verbs showing that the action is continuous or repetitious). Indicates continuative aspect. Olabat bin jidanabat. They were sitting. Olabat bin leidanabat. They were lying down. Olabat bin wokinabat. They were walking. Olabat bin lukinabat. They were looking. Olabat bin weidingabat. They were waiting. [Sandefur 1979:119, 122.] See: -in1. See main entry: -bat. Variant: -labat. Category: Time.

abda   vi. increase. Category: Holding and Transfer. Imin abda prais He increased the price.

abda   Variant: afta.

adv. after. Category: Time.

abdajat   Variant: aftadet; aftadat. Variant: aftatharran.

conj. 1 •  Category: Time.

2 • from there. Category: Time.

abdanun   Variant: abunun. Variant: aftanun; abanun.

n. afternoon, after 3pm; between mid afternoon & Sunset. Category: Time.

abdanuntaim   Variant: abununtaim. Variant: aftanuntaim.

n. afternoon, after 3pm; between mid afternoon & Sunset. Category: Time.

abdum   Variant: aftum.

vt. pursue, chase after with the intention of overtaking. Category: Motion.

aben   n. oven; receptacle for baking or cooking in. Category: Food Drink Cooking and Fire.

abgug   Variant: afkuk.

adj. partially cooked.

2 • adj. partly ripe. Category: Food Drink Cooking and Fire.

abgugwan   

abigin   adv.

1 • 

2 • quarter of. Category: State.

abija   n. father's mother, paternal grandmother; mother's father, maternal grandfather. Category: Kinship and People.

abijaja   n. mother's father; maternal grandfather. Category: Kinship and People.

abirnini   n. kinship relationship. Category: Kinship and People.

abset   vi. be upset, be anxious; disturbed. Category: Value.

abuji   n. father's mother; paternal grandmother. Category: Kinship and People.

abul   n. hobble; rope etc. used to tie legs of horse etc.to prevent it from straying. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.

abultrap   n. hobble-trap. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.

abulum   vt. hobble; rope etc. used to tie legs of horse etc.to prevent it from straying. Category: Holding and Transfer.

abum   vi.

1 • have; possess.

2 • eat. Dei abum la teibul bat mela idim la flo. They eat at the table but we eat (sitting) on the floor.

3 • mate with. Eni rongsaid dei abumself. They mate with the wrong skin. They marry people in the wrong classifactory social grouping.

4 • give birth to. Variant: abam. Category: Holding and Transfer.

abumbat   

abumbek   

abum set   vi. bear a grudge, have it in for someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought. Im abum set bla yu. Laik im oldei gola la yu en tokabat yu. "He has a grudge against you. What I mean is, he's always angry at you and is always spreading rumours about you."

abumbat   See main entry: abum.

abumbek   See main entry: abum.

abwei   Variant: afwei.

adv. half way, half of, in the middle, part way to a given point physical or temporal. Category: Time. tu kemp afwei to camp along the way. abin siyin det pija from stat en mai matha bin kam biyain en ibin siyim afwei I saw the picture from the beginning but my mother came in halfway through.

ad   adj.

1 • hard.

2 • harsh; strict; particular.

3. • loud. Category: State. See: ard.

adbala   

adbalawei   

adwan    I adwan, skin bla im. The skin (of a buffalo) is hard.

ad   adv. loudly. Category: State.

adbala   

adwan   

ada   va. ought to, should.

adbala   See main entry: ad.

adbalawei   See main entry: ad.

adigul   Variant: atigul.

n. gold heart shaped pendant. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects. im gada atigul langa im tjein she's got a heart-shaped pendant on a chain.

adli   adv. hardly, almost can't. Category: Value. Ai gan adli luk I can hardly see. yu kan adli iit you can hardly eat.

admen   

adrok   n. hard rock; rock.

adtaim   n. hard time.

adwan   See main entry: ad.

adwei   

adwek   

afda   See main entry: labda.

afis   Variant: afish.

adv. sharing, Category: Holding and Transfer.

afisafis   

afshat   adj. partially drunk. Category: Bodily Functions. Dubala men bin faiting. Wan bin drunkanwan an det nathawan bin afshat. Two men were fighting. One was drunk and the other was partially drunk.

afta   adv. after. Det mob bin agyumenbat, bat afta a wal deibin sedildan. They were arguing, but after a while they settled down.

aftanun   

aftanuntaim   

aftum   

aftumbat   

agamin   

agaminbat   

aggaiyei   interj. ha ha. Category: Exclamations and Interjections.

agli   adj. ugly. Category: State.

aglibala   

agliwan   

agudibala   

agri   vi. agree; consent to or approve of. Category: Vocalising and Thought.

agumen   Variant: aguman.

vi. argue, fight over, disagree about. Category: Impact. wot yupela aguman jel fo why are you arguing with each other? dei bin agumen mijelb they had an argument.

agyu   vi. argue. Category: Impact.

agyumen   v. argue with each other; fight with each other. Det mob bin agyumenbat, bat afta a wal deibin sedildan. They were arguing, but after a while they settled down.

ai1   n. eye.

1 • eye. Category: Body Parts and Products. Yu dalim mi streit la mai ai. Tell me to my face. Imin kilim rait to olabat ai. She hit him in front of everyone. God bin abum plen. Imin abum ai la Ropa. God had a plan. He had his eyes on Roper. sneik bla ai dei kolam rili dipwan woda They call the very deep water the eye of the snake.

2 • headlight of car. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.

3. • seed in a piece of fruit. Category: Plants.

ai2   pro. I. Ai gan jiim yu no brabli. I can see that you really know. I can’t see you clearly. Variant: a. Category: Pronouns.

ai3   Variant: hai.

adj. 1 • high, tall; a person in authority. Category: State.

aibala   

aiwan    aiwan dog a tall dog.

2 • 

ai4   interr. what? Category: Interrogatives.

ai Ingglis   n. standard English. Category: Value. i tokin garra hai Inglis talking in standard English.

aibem   n. seed. Category: Plants.

aibin   contraction of ai bin.

aibina   

aibis   n. bird species, ibis. Category: Birds.

aibrau   n. eyebrow. Category: Body Parts and Products.

aidiya   n. idea.

aidol   n. idol; image as object of worship. False god.

aiglaj   Variant: aiglas.

n. spectacles, glasses, for assisting defective sight. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.

aigran   adj. dizzy. Category: State. Ai bin aigran, bla jad jumok na. That cigarette made me dizzy. (feeling dazed or in a whirl or as if about to fall).

aijin   n. hygiene (Dept. of), sanitation. Category: State.

ailaks   n. 4WD utility. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.

aili   Variant: ali.

adv. early morning, dawn or before. Category: Time.

ailibala   

ailibala   adj. early.

ailid   n. eyelid. Category: Body Parts and Products.

ailin   n. island; piece of land surrounded by water. Category: Elements.

ainbot   n. tanker, naval patrol boat. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.

aionwud   n. tree species, ironwood. Category: Plants.

aipat   n.

1 • eye-like part; seed of fruit. Category: State.

2 • eyelash, eyebrow. Category: Body Parts and Products.

airam   vt. hire; payment for use of something or labour. Category: Impact.

airrap   adv. upstream, higher up. Category: State.

airrapwei   

airrapwei   See main entry: airrap.

ais   

aisblok   

aiskrim   n. icecream. Category: Food Drink Cooking and Fire.

aiswan   

aithad   contraction of ai thad 'I thought'. See: ai; thad. Category: Vocalising and Thought.

aiyan   n. iron.

aiyanwan   adj. iron.

aklak   adv. time reference, approximately the hour indicated. Category: Time.

akros   Variant: kros; kraswei.

adv. across, either direction in relation to speaker. Category: State. a kin siyim wan kakiyi woking akros gowin ap langa det haus I can see a cockie walking across by that house. wi bin go kros (akros) langa det log we went across on the log.

al    See: ai; garra.

alabat   See main entry: olabat.

1 d they •  Category: Pronouns.

2 • all. Category: State.

ala::   interj. no. Category: Exclamations and Interjections.

album   vt. help; to assist, remedy. Category: Holding and Transfer.

albumbat   See main entry: album.

aleiluya   interj. hallelujah.

alidei   n. time taken from regular routine. Category: Value.

aligeida   n. crocodile, saltwater crocodile. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.

alo   interj. hello, what's this! Category: Exclamations and Interjections.

alolog   n. hollow log. Category: Plants.

am   n.

1 • arm; upper limb of human body from shoulder to hand. Category: Body Parts and Products.

2 • stalk (of water lily. Category: Plants.

-am   aff.

1 • (suffix on verbs indicating transitivity). Grajam. Dig. Orla kid bin tjakam ston. The children threw stones. Enseram. Answer. Imbin tjakam ston en imbin brokam glas. He threw a stone and broke the glass. Det motika bin ranam det dog. The car ran over the dog. I bin bagarramap mai baik. He spoiled my bike (so I can't ride it). Dis boi hambagambat as. The boy is annoying/pestering us. Det modika bin go pas na [Hudson 1983:36-38; Sandefur 1979:116.]

2 • (suffix deriving transitive verbs from nouns or adjectives). wi, en imbin dastam na wi. That car went past us and dusted us. [Hudson 1983:39.] See main entry: -im. Category: Holding and Transfer.

ambag   vi.

1 • be cheeky.

2 • pester, annoy; be a nuisance location: F. Category: Mood and Character.

amben   n. armband.

ambi   Variant: ampi; ambiawoj.

n. small makeshift home; small primitive hut. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.

ampihaus   

ambrela   n. umbrella; portable folding protection against rain. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.

ami   n. allied soldier, airman, army. Category: Kinship and People.

amini   Variant: aumeni.

interr. how many?

ampat   See main entry: am.

ampit   n. armpit; hollow under shoulder. Category: Body Parts and Products.

ampiwan   Variant: ambiwan.

n. bumpy thing, something poking out. Category: State.

amu   n. mother's sister; aunty. Category: Kinship and People.

amuri   n. father's father; paternal grandfather. Category: Kinship and People.

-an   aff. on; (suffix on verbs indicating direction, location or time). Gowan. Go on. See: -ap; -aran; -at; -awei; -bek; -dan; -in2; -oba; -of; -op; -ran; -wei. Variant: -on. Category: Time, Motion. Read: Sandefur 1979:117-119; Hudson 1983:41-43.

anbed   n. anthill, termite mound. Category: Elements. Mipela bin siyim sineik leiyingdan insaid la anbed We saw a snake lying inside the anthill.

anda   See main entry: andi2.

andanis   See main entry: andanith.

andanit   See main entry: andanith.

andanith   Variant: andanit.

prep. under; underneath; below, at a lower place. Imin andanis la woda, imin insaid la woda. He was under the water. Nais sheid andanit. There's nice shade under (that tree). Variant: andanis. Category: Time.

andanithwei   See main entry: andanith.

andasten   Variant: andisten.

vi. understand; comprehend, perceive the meaning of. Category: Vocalising and Thought.

andi1   Variant: anti.

n. father's sister, aunt. Category: Kinship and People.

andi2   Variant: anda.

va. should, want. Category: Vocalising and Thought. Ol bin andi ded tudei They should have been dead. Wi no bin andi sabi God We did not know God.

andil   conj. until. Category: Time.

andim   vt. hand, pass. Category: Holding and Transfer.

andimwei   Variant: andimowei.

vt. send away. Category: Motion. Bugi yu luk dubala gel, dei kaman iya bla daga yu andimowei. If two girls come here asking for food, send them away.

andimweibat   See main entry: andimwei.

anding   Variant: anting.

v. hunt, go hunting; pursue wild animal for food. Category: Motion.

andrid   adj. about a hundred. Category: State.

anga   interj. my word!, goodness!, oh, no!, true! Category: Exclamations and Interjections.

angana   contraction of a gana 'I'm going to'. See: a; gana. Category: Vocalising and Thought.

anggajip   n. handkerchief, veil, neckchief. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.

anggul   Variant: angkul; angul.

n. mother's brother, uncle. Category: Kinship and People.

anggultobi   n. porridge; soft food of oatmeal boiled in water or milk. Category: Food Drink Cooking and Fire.

anginap   adj. hanging up, on top, above, hanging from, suspended from. Category: Time.

angindan   adj. hanging down, below. Category: Time.

angri   adj.

1 • hungry; to feel hungry. Category: State.

2 • room for more. Category: State. Variant: sta:b.

angribala   

angriwan   

ani   n. honey. Category: Food Drink Cooking and Fire. See: sugarbeg.

ani   adv. only. Category: State.

anibi   n. honey bee. Category: Insects.

anjim   Variant: ansim.

vt. answer, reply; make a reply. Category: Vocalising and Thought.

anles   conj. unless. Category: Particles and Conjunctions.

anloudim   vt. unload.

annan   Variant: anana; wanana.

interj. isn't it cute! Category: Exclamations and Interjections.

anowat   interj. I have an idea or suggestion as to what we should do. Category: Vocalising and Thought.

ant   n. ant; small social hymenopterous insect. Category: Insects.

antapwei   See main entry: antopwei.

adv. above; overhead.

antop   Variant: antap; andap.

adv. on top, above; overhead. Category: Time. Det nes bin stap antap langa tri The nest is at the top of the tree.

antopwan   See main entry: antop.

antopwei   See main entry: antop.

anyan   n. onion; edible bulb of pungent smell and flavour. Category: Food Drink Cooking and Fire, Plants.

ap   adj. part of; two portions of a whole, not necessarily equal. Category: State.

ap   prep. up. Category: Time.

-ap   aff.

1 • up; upward; (suffix on verbs indicating direction or action performed upward). Klaimap. Climb. Mela bin go ba luk dem peinting bat mela bin afda galamap fes. We went to look at the paintings but had to climp up first. Bildimap. Build (a house). Ola wokinmen bin kam ba bildimap olda nyuwan haus. The workers came to build the new houses. Jandap. Stand. Jandap na mela garra go dijei. Stand up now, we are going this way! Draibimap. Drive right to a goal. [Hudson 1983:41.]

2 • motion toward a physical goal. Draibimap dem bulogi raidap na yad. Drive the cattle up to the yard. Draibimap det modiga golijap. Drive the car up close. Kamap. Move towards speaker. Alabat garra kamap tidei. They will come today. Sambodi bin daibin na woda, en den imin kamap. Somebody dived into the water and then surfaced. Olabat bin bajimap daga. They brought the food up. Imin bajimap-bajimap. He was bringing it. Ai bin jinigap la im. I sneaked up on it. Imin barnim. He burnt it. [Hudson 1983:41; Sandefur 1979:117.]

3 • up; aspectually referring to action carried out to its fullest extent; (suffix on some verbs expanding the sense of the verb or making the sense of the verb more specific). Imin barnimap. He burnt it up. Falaram. Move along behind something which is moving. Falaramap. Follow to catch up with. Track game in order to kill it. Rulum. Roll along as a drum. Rulumap. Roll up into something small, as a swag. Imin bajim modiga. He passed a car. [Hudson 1983:42; Sandefur 1979:118.]

4 • up; (suffix on some verbs significantly changing or differentiating the sense of the verb). Imin bajimap modiga. He brought a car. Deibin faitfaitbat jeya en det malamwan imin smeshimap det modiga. They were fighting there and that person destroyed the car. [Sandefur 1979:118.]

5 • (suffix on verbs indicating forceful, extensive action). See: -an; -aran; -at; -awei; -bek; -dan; -in2; -oba; -of; -op; -ran; -wei. Category: Time, Motion. Read: Sandefur 1979:117-119; Hudson 1983:41-43.

apaji   n. father's mother; paternal grandmother. Category: Kinship and People.

apapwan   n. syllable. Category: Ceremony and Dreaming.

apas   adv. Category: Time. apaseit

apblekwan   adj. brown. Category: State.

apendan   

apset   vi. be upset; be anxious, disturbed. See: obset. Category: Mood and Character.

apstes   n. upstairs.

apul   Variant: epul.

n. apple; round firm fleshy fruit of a rosaceour tree. Category: Food Drink Cooking and Fire, Plants.

apun   n. harpoon; spear like weapon used for catching sea animals. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.

-aran   aff. around; round; (suffix on verbs indicating direction around or motion with unspecified direction). This form occurs after consonants. Skaitingaranbat. Showing off. [Hudson 1983:43.] See: -an; -ap; -at; -awei; -bek; -dan; -in2; -oba; -of; -op; -ran; -wei. Variant: -ran. Category: Time, Motion. Read: Sandefur 1979:117-119; Hudson 1983:41-43.

araun   adv. Category: Time. wen i kin av fiid araun when it grazes. Variant: lugaran.

ard   

adj. hard, hard as stone. Category: State.

ardwan   unable to be done. dry old bred is ardwan dry old bread is hard as stone. Category: State. det motiga bin ardwan tu liftimap the car was impossible to lift up. See main entry: ad.

ardim   v. Category: Mood and Character, Impact. Mai gabarra im ardim. My head hurts! yu ardim mi! You are hurting me!

ardimbat   See main entry: ardim.

arinj   n. orange (fruit and colour. Category: Food Drink Cooking and Fire, Plants, State.

ariyap   interj. hurry up!, move quickly! Category: Motion.

arr   n. sound made by brolga. Category: Vocalising and Thought.

arrap   vi. sexually aroused. Category: State.

arrok la   Variant: adrok la.

vi. pester, insist. Category: Vocalising and Thought.

as   pro. us; we (first person plural pronoun). Category: Pronouns.

asban   Variant: ajbin.

n. husband; man married to a woman. Category: Kinship and People.

askim   Variant: asgim; askam.

vt. ask; inquire, put a question to, request. Category: Vocalising and Thought.

askimbat   See main entry: askim.

askimbek   vt. ask for something in return. Category: Vocalising and Thought.

at   n. heart; body organ that pumps blood to circulate it through the body. Category: Body Parts and Products. Variant: atjamp.

at   adv. out; away from a place. Category: Time.

-at   aff.

1 • out; (suffix on verbs indicating direction outward). Aibin luk sambodi ai sabi kamat burro shop. I saw somebody I know come out from the shop.

2 • attain; (suffix on verbs indicating aspectually that the action is performed until a goal or a change of place or state is reached); cessation. Wetinimat. Extinguish a fire. Kamat. Reach a physical goal. Imin buloro thet trek na riba en imin kamat tharrei na lolevel. He followed the track along the river and reached the Low Level crossing. Ai bin katam det log en ai bin kamat la det sneik. I chopped into the hollow log until I reached the snake. [Hudson 1983:42.] See: -an; -ap; -aran; -awei; -bek; -dan; -in2; -oba; -of; -op; -ran; -wei. Category: Time, Motion. Read: Sandefur 1979:117-119; Hudson 1983:41-43.

atha   adj. other; separate in identity, not the same. Category: Pronouns. See: naja.

athalat   pro. others. Category: Pronouns. See: najalot.

athasaid   adv. on the other side. Category: Time. See: najasaid.

atim   vt. hate; dsislike strongly. Category: Vocalising and Thought. atim gija hate one another.

atjamp   vi. be startled, be frightened. Category: Mood and Character.

atpela   adj. hot; of high temperature, giving or feeling heat. Category: State.

atsaid   adv. outside, away from, open area away from specified point. Category: Time.

atsaidpat   See main entry: atsaid.

atsaidwan   See main entry: atsaid.

atsaidwei   See main entry: atsaid.

n. surface, edge - as of a crust of bread. Category: State.

attaim   n. summer, hot season. Category: Time.

au   Variant: ha.

interr. how? In what way? by what means? Category: Interrogatives. yuno ha det... you know how that... wi dano audu we don't know how to do it.

audim   Variant: autum.

vt. extinguish, turn off. Category: Holding and Transfer. autum det faiya garra woda put out the fire with water.

audimaut   See main entry: audim.

aufa   interr. how far? Category: Interrogatives. Variant: aumatj.

aul   n. bird species, owl. Category: Birds.

aumaj   Variant: aumatj; amaj.

interr. how much? Category: Interrogatives. aumatj fa kin a jamp? how far can I jump? yuno aumaj big? do you know how big it is?

aumastharran   interj. how about that! this sounds like ‘how much that one’. Category: Exclamations and Interjections.

av   prep. for; of; about. See main entry: blanga. Category: Time.

ava   vt. have; to hold in possession, possess. Category: Holding and Transfer.

awa   n. hour.

-awei   aff. away; (suffix on verbs indicating direction away). Teikirrawei. Take away. Remove. Alabat bin teikirrawei them nugud daga. They removed the bad food. [Hudson 1983:43.] See: -an; -ap; -aran; -at; -bek; -dan; -in2; -oba; -of; -op; -ran. Variant: -wei2. Category: Time, Motion. Read: Sandefur 1979:117-119; Hudson 1983:41-43.

awus   Variant: aus.

n. house, building, permanent camp. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects. cliftonmob aus the house belonging to the Clifton mob. Variant: aus; hawus; haus.